induce
generate
elicit
trigger
cause
instigate
activate
actuate
provoke
produce
stimulate
augment
give rise to
bring about
Step up
enhance
increase
heighten
instigate /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/ DJ /'ɪnstəˈget/ KK
verb
1.to make something start or happen, usually something official 使（正式）開始；使發生 especially British English VN
See also: bring something about Synonym
The government has instigated a programme of economic reform. 政府已實施了經濟改革方案。
2.to cause something bad to happen 煽動；唆使；鼓動 VN
They were accused of instigating racial violence. 他們被控煽動種族暴力。
英文字典
in·sti·gate
1.Bring about or initiate (an action or event)
2.Incite someone to do something, esp. something bad
同義字
verb: incite, abet, foment, provoke, stimulate, egg on
give rise to
phrase
1.引起
同義字
verb: cause, bring about, produce
bring about
phrase
1.引起
step up
1.to come forward 走上前去
She stepped up to receive her prize. 她走上前去領獎。
相關詞組
step-up
1. 遞增的,增強(大)的 2. 電壓增高的
step something↔up
增加，提高（數量、速度等）
同義字
noun: escalation
verb: increase, enhance, heighten
2010年12月22日 星期三
ablate, abrogate, abolish, revoke, repeal,
ablate [æbˈleit] DJ [æbˈlet] KK
transitive verb
Variant: ablated; ablated; ablating
1.切除
2.【物】使脫落
3.【地】(因浸蝕而)消融
intransitive verb
1.脫落;剝離
abrogate /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/ DJ /'æbrəˈget/ KK
1.to officially end a law, an agreement, etc. 廢除，廢止，撤銷（法律、協議等） verb VN technical
Derivative: abrogation noun, uncountable /ˌæbrəˈɡeɪʃn/ DJ /ˈæbrə'geʃən/ KK
英文字典
ab·ro·gate
1.Repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement)
同義字
verb: cancel, abolish, annul, rescind, repeal, revoke, nullify, quash, reverse, undo, abate, void, invalidate, vacate
abolish /əˈbɒlɪʃ/ DJ /əˈbɑːl-/ DJ US /ə'bɑlɪʃ/ KK US
1.to officially end a law, a system or an institution 廢除，廢止（法律、制度、習俗等） verb VN
This tax should be abolished. 這種稅應該取消。
英文字典
a·bol·ish
1.Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution)
同義字
verb: annul, cancel, abrogate, repeal, revoke, rescind, nullify, quash, reverse, eliminate
revoke /rɪˈvəʊk/ DJ /-ˈvoʊk/ DJ US /rɪ'vok/ KK US
1.to officially cancel something so that it is no longer valid 取消；廢除；使無效 verb VN formal
英文字典
re·voke
1.Put an end to the validity or operation of (a decree, decision, or promise)
2.(in bridge, whist, and other card games) Fail to follow suit despite being able to do so
同義字
verb: cancel, repeal, rescind, annul, abrogate, recall, reverse, abolish, nullify, countermand, withdraw, call off, retract, quash, invalidate, undo
repeal /rɪˈpiːl/ DJ /rɪ'pil/ KK
1.if a government or other group or person with authority repeals a law, that law is no longer valid 廢除，撤銷，廢止（法規） verb VN
Derivative: repeal noun, uncountable
英文字典
re·peal
1.Revoke or annul (a law or congressional act)
transitive verb
Variant: ablated; ablated; ablating
1.切除
2.【物】使脫落
3.【地】(因浸蝕而)消融
intransitive verb
1.脫落;剝離
abrogate /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/ DJ /'æbrəˈget/ KK
1.to officially end a law, an agreement, etc. 廢除，廢止，撤銷（法律、協議等） verb VN technical
Derivative: abrogation noun, uncountable /ˌæbrəˈɡeɪʃn/ DJ /ˈæbrə'geʃən/ KK
英文字典
ab·ro·gate
1.Repeal or do away with (a law, right, or formal agreement)
同義字
verb: cancel, abolish, annul, rescind, repeal, revoke, nullify, quash, reverse, undo, abate, void, invalidate, vacate
abolish /əˈbɒlɪʃ/ DJ /əˈbɑːl-/ DJ US /ə'bɑlɪʃ/ KK US
1.to officially end a law, a system or an institution 廢除，廢止（法律、制度、習俗等） verb VN
This tax should be abolished. 這種稅應該取消。
英文字典
a·bol·ish
1.Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution)
同義字
verb: annul, cancel, abrogate, repeal, revoke, rescind, nullify, quash, reverse, eliminate
revoke /rɪˈvəʊk/ DJ /-ˈvoʊk/ DJ US /rɪ'vok/ KK US
1.to officially cancel something so that it is no longer valid 取消；廢除；使無效 verb VN formal
英文字典
re·voke
1.Put an end to the validity or operation of (a decree, decision, or promise)
2.(in bridge, whist, and other card games) Fail to follow suit despite being able to do so
同義字
verb: cancel, repeal, rescind, annul, abrogate, recall, reverse, abolish, nullify, countermand, withdraw, call off, retract, quash, invalidate, undo
repeal /rɪˈpiːl/ DJ /rɪ'pil/ KK
1.if a government or other group or person with authority repeals a law, that law is no longer valid 廢除，撤銷，廢止（法規） verb VN
Derivative: repeal noun, uncountable
英文字典
re·peal
1.Revoke or annul (a law or congressional act)
substantially, significantly, modestly, considerably, remarkably, meaningfully, moderately, fairly
significantly
substantially
remarkbly
effectively
greatly
highly
largely
considerably
modestly
moderately
fairly
substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ DJ /səb'stænʃəlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.very much; a lot 非常；大大地
See also: considerably Synonym
The costs have increased substantially. 成本大大提高了。
The plane was substantially damaged in the crash. 失事飛機損壞嚴重。
2.mainly; in most details, even if not completely 基本上；大體上；總的來說 formal
What she says is substantially true. 她的話大體符合事實。
英文字典
sub·stan·tial·ly
1.To a great or significant extent
2.For the most part; essentially
同義字
adverb: essentially
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ DJ /sɪg'nɪfɪkəntlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticed 有重大意義地；顯著地；明顯地
The two sets of figures are not significantly different from each other. 這兩組數字之間沒有顯著差別。
Profits have increased significantly over the past few years. 幾年來，利潤大幅度提高了。
2.in a way that has a particular meaning 有某種意義
Significantly, he did not deny that there might be an election. 值得注意的是，他沒有否認可能舉行選舉。
3.in a way that has a special or secret meaning 別有含義地；意味深長地
英文字典
sig·nif·i·cant·ly
1.In a sufficiently great or important way as to be worthy of attention
2.In a way that has a particular meaning
3.In a manner that suggests a meaning or message that is not explicitly stated
同義字
adverb: notedly, remarkably, notably
modestly [ˈmɑdistli] DJ [ˈmɑdɪstlɪ] KK
adverb
1.謙虛地;審慎地
Being youngsters, we sat modestly at the back, never daring to speak. 我們是些年輕人,都謙恭地坐在後面,始終不敢發言。
2.適度地
相關詞組
modest
1. 些許的；不太大（或太貴、太重要等） 2. 謙虛的；謙遜的 3. 人，尤指婦女或其衣着莊重的；樸素的；不性感的
considerably /kənˈsɪdərəbli/ DJ /kən'sɪdərəblɪ/ KK
1.much; a lot 非常；很；相當多地 adverb formal
The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person. 不同的人對睡眠的需要差異相當大。
英文字典
con·sid·er·a·bly
1.By a notably large amount or to a notably large extent; greatly
同義字
adverb: greatly, much, noticeably
remarkably [riˈmɑːkəbli] DJ [rɪˈmɑrkəblɪ] KK
adverb
Variant: more remarkably; most remarkably
1.引人注目地;明顯地;非常地
相關詞組
remarkable
非凡的；奇異的；顯著的；引人注目的
同義字
adverb: notably, extraordinarily
meaningfully [ˈmiːniŋfuli] DJ [ˈminɪŋfʊlɪ] KK
adverb
1.意味深長地;有意義地
2.有意圖地
相關詞組
meaningful
1. 嚴肅的；重要的；重大的 2. 意味深長的；意在言外的 3. 意義明顯的；易於理解的
moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ DJ /ˈmɑːd-/ DJ US /'mɑdərətlɪ/ KK US
adverb
1.to an average extent; fairly but not very reasonably 一般地；勉強地
a moderately successful career 還算成功的一生
She only did moderately well in the exam. 她這次考試成績還好。
Cook in a moderately hot oven. 用不太熱的烤箱烤製。
2.within reasonable limits 適度；適量；適中
He only drinks (alcohol) moderately. 他喝酒不過量。
英文字典
mod·er·ate·ly
1.To a certain extent; quite; fairly
2.In a moderate manner
3.Within reasonable limits
同義字
adverb: fairly, sparingly
fairly /ˈfeəli/ DJ /ˈferli/ DJ US /'fɛrlɪ/ KK US
adverb
1.to some extent but not very 一定地；相當地
a fairly easy book 一本相當淺易的書
a fairly typical reaction 相當典型的反應
I know him fairly well, but I wouldn't say we were really close friends. 我相當瞭解他，但並不是說我們是真正的密友。
I go jogging fairly regularly. 我差不多經常練習慢跑。
We'll have to leave fairly soon(= before very long). 我們不久得離開。
I'm fairly certain I can do the job. 我有相當把握能幹這項工作。
The report was fairly incomprehensible. 這份報告相當難懂。
I think you'll find it fairly difficult(= you do not want to say that it is very difficult). 我認為你會覺得它相當難。
See also: quite
2.in a fair and reasonable way; honestly 公平合理地；公正地
He has always treated me very fairly. 他待我一直很公正。
Her attitude could fairly be described as hostile. 公平而論，她的態度可以說是懷有敵意。
3.used to emphasize something that you are saying （用以強調）簡直，竟然 old-fashioned
I fairly jumped for joy. 我簡直高興得跳了起來。
The time fairly raced by. 時間過得真快。
Idiom: fairly and squarely; fair and square Synonym
英文字典
fair·ly
1.With justice
2.To quite a high degree
3.To an acceptable extent
相關詞組
fair
1. 合理的；恰當的；適當的 2. （按法律、規定）平等待人的，秉公辦事的，公正的 3. （數量、大小）相當大的
fair and square
1. 誠實；光明正大 2. 直截了當 3. 不偏不斜
同義字
adverb: quite, justly, honestly, pretty
substantially
remarkbly
effectively
greatly
highly
largely
considerably
modestly
moderately
fairly
substantially /səbˈstænʃəli/ DJ /səb'stænʃəlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.very much; a lot 非常；大大地
See also: considerably Synonym
The costs have increased substantially. 成本大大提高了。
The plane was substantially damaged in the crash. 失事飛機損壞嚴重。
2.mainly; in most details, even if not completely 基本上；大體上；總的來說 formal
What she says is substantially true. 她的話大體符合事實。
英文字典
sub·stan·tial·ly
1.To a great or significant extent
2.For the most part; essentially
同義字
adverb: essentially
significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ DJ /sɪg'nɪfɪkəntlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticed 有重大意義地；顯著地；明顯地
The two sets of figures are not significantly different from each other. 這兩組數字之間沒有顯著差別。
Profits have increased significantly over the past few years. 幾年來，利潤大幅度提高了。
2.in a way that has a particular meaning 有某種意義
Significantly, he did not deny that there might be an election. 值得注意的是，他沒有否認可能舉行選舉。
3.in a way that has a special or secret meaning 別有含義地；意味深長地
英文字典
sig·nif·i·cant·ly
1.In a sufficiently great or important way as to be worthy of attention
2.In a way that has a particular meaning
3.In a manner that suggests a meaning or message that is not explicitly stated
同義字
adverb: notedly, remarkably, notably
modestly [ˈmɑdistli] DJ [ˈmɑdɪstlɪ] KK
adverb
1.謙虛地;審慎地
Being youngsters, we sat modestly at the back, never daring to speak. 我們是些年輕人,都謙恭地坐在後面,始終不敢發言。
2.適度地
相關詞組
modest
1. 些許的；不太大（或太貴、太重要等） 2. 謙虛的；謙遜的 3. 人，尤指婦女或其衣着莊重的；樸素的；不性感的
considerably /kənˈsɪdərəbli/ DJ /kən'sɪdərəblɪ/ KK
1.much; a lot 非常；很；相當多地 adverb formal
The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person. 不同的人對睡眠的需要差異相當大。
英文字典
con·sid·er·a·bly
1.By a notably large amount or to a notably large extent; greatly
同義字
adverb: greatly, much, noticeably
remarkably [riˈmɑːkəbli] DJ [rɪˈmɑrkəblɪ] KK
adverb
Variant: more remarkably; most remarkably
1.引人注目地;明顯地;非常地
相關詞組
remarkable
非凡的；奇異的；顯著的；引人注目的
同義字
adverb: notably, extraordinarily
meaningfully [ˈmiːniŋfuli] DJ [ˈminɪŋfʊlɪ] KK
adverb
1.意味深長地;有意義地
2.有意圖地
相關詞組
meaningful
1. 嚴肅的；重要的；重大的 2. 意味深長的；意在言外的 3. 意義明顯的；易於理解的
moderately /ˈmɒdərətli/ DJ /ˈmɑːd-/ DJ US /'mɑdərətlɪ/ KK US
adverb
1.to an average extent; fairly but not very reasonably 一般地；勉強地
a moderately successful career 還算成功的一生
She only did moderately well in the exam. 她這次考試成績還好。
Cook in a moderately hot oven. 用不太熱的烤箱烤製。
2.within reasonable limits 適度；適量；適中
He only drinks (alcohol) moderately. 他喝酒不過量。
英文字典
mod·er·ate·ly
1.To a certain extent; quite; fairly
2.In a moderate manner
3.Within reasonable limits
同義字
adverb: fairly, sparingly
fairly /ˈfeəli/ DJ /ˈferli/ DJ US /'fɛrlɪ/ KK US
adverb
1.to some extent but not very 一定地；相當地
a fairly easy book 一本相當淺易的書
a fairly typical reaction 相當典型的反應
I know him fairly well, but I wouldn't say we were really close friends. 我相當瞭解他，但並不是說我們是真正的密友。
I go jogging fairly regularly. 我差不多經常練習慢跑。
We'll have to leave fairly soon(= before very long). 我們不久得離開。
I'm fairly certain I can do the job. 我有相當把握能幹這項工作。
The report was fairly incomprehensible. 這份報告相當難懂。
I think you'll find it fairly difficult(= you do not want to say that it is very difficult). 我認為你會覺得它相當難。
See also: quite
2.in a fair and reasonable way; honestly 公平合理地；公正地
He has always treated me very fairly. 他待我一直很公正。
Her attitude could fairly be described as hostile. 公平而論，她的態度可以說是懷有敵意。
3.used to emphasize something that you are saying （用以強調）簡直，竟然 old-fashioned
I fairly jumped for joy. 我簡直高興得跳了起來。
The time fairly raced by. 時間過得真快。
Idiom: fairly and squarely; fair and square Synonym
英文字典
fair·ly
1.With justice
2.To quite a high degree
3.To an acceptable extent
相關詞組
fair
1. 合理的；恰當的；適當的 2. （按法律、規定）平等待人的，秉公辦事的，公正的 3. （數量、大小）相當大的
fair and square
1. 誠實；光明正大 2. 直截了當 3. 不偏不斜
同義字
adverb: quite, justly, honestly, pretty
2010年12月21日 星期二
provision,
provision /prəˈvɪʒn/ DJ /prə'vɪʒən/ KK
noun
1.the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want; something that is supplied 提供；供給；給養；供應品 uncountable countable usually singular
educational/housing provision 教育／住房的提供
The government is responsible for the provision of health care. 政府負責提供醫療服務。
There is no provision for anyone to sit down here. 這裏沒有可坐的地方。
The provision of specialist teachers is being increased. 當局正在增加設置的專門師資。
2.preparations that you make for something that might or will happen in the future （為將來做的）準備 uncountable countable ~ for sb/sth
He had already made provisions for(= planned for the financial future of)his wife and children before the accident. 意外事故發生之前，他已為妻子、兒女做好了經濟安排。
You should make provision for things going wrong. 你要採取措施，以防不測。
3.supplies of food and drink, especially for a long journey 飲食供應；（尤指旅途中的）糧食 plural
Alternate: provisions
4.a condition or an arrangement in a legal document （法律文件的）規定，條款 countable
Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs. 按契約規定，房客負責房屋維修。
See also: provide
verb
1.to supply somebody/something with enough of something, especially food, to last for a particular period of time 為…提供所需物品（尤指食物） VN often passive ~ sb/sth (with sth) formal
英文字典
pro·vi·sion
1.The action of providing or supplying something for use
2.Financial or other arrangements for future eventualities or requirements
3.An amount set aside out of profits in the accounts of an organization for a known liability, esp. a bad debt or the diminution in value of an asset
同義字
verb: supply, provide, cater, victual
noun: supply
manifestation /ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn/ DJ /ˈmænəfɛ'steʃən/ KK
noun
1.an event, action or thing that is a sign that something exists or is happening; the act of appearing as a sign that something exists or is happening 顯示；表明；表示 countable uncountable ~ (of sth) formal
The riots are a clear manifestation of the people's discontent. 騷亂清楚地表明了人們的不滿情緒。
Some manifestation of your concern would have been appreciated. 你當時要是表現出一些關心就好了。
2.an appearance of a ghost or spirit （幽靈的）顯現，顯靈 countable formal
英文字典
man·i·fes·ta·tion
1.An event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something, esp. a theory or an abstract idea
2.The action or fact of showing something in such a way
3.A symptom or sign of an ailment
同義字
noun: demonstration, display
noun
1.the act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want; something that is supplied 提供；供給；給養；供應品 uncountable countable usually singular
educational/housing provision 教育／住房的提供
The government is responsible for the provision of health care. 政府負責提供醫療服務。
There is no provision for anyone to sit down here. 這裏沒有可坐的地方。
The provision of specialist teachers is being increased. 當局正在增加設置的專門師資。
2.preparations that you make for something that might or will happen in the future （為將來做的）準備 uncountable countable ~ for sb/sth
He had already made provisions for(= planned for the financial future of)his wife and children before the accident. 意外事故發生之前，他已為妻子、兒女做好了經濟安排。
You should make provision for things going wrong. 你要採取措施，以防不測。
3.supplies of food and drink, especially for a long journey 飲食供應；（尤指旅途中的）糧食 plural
Alternate: provisions
4.a condition or an arrangement in a legal document （法律文件的）規定，條款 countable
Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs. 按契約規定，房客負責房屋維修。
See also: provide
verb
1.to supply somebody/something with enough of something, especially food, to last for a particular period of time 為…提供所需物品（尤指食物） VN often passive ~ sb/sth (with sth) formal
英文字典
pro·vi·sion
1.The action of providing or supplying something for use
2.Financial or other arrangements for future eventualities or requirements
3.An amount set aside out of profits in the accounts of an organization for a known liability, esp. a bad debt or the diminution in value of an asset
同義字
verb: supply, provide, cater, victual
noun: supply
manifestation /ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn/ DJ /ˈmænəfɛ'steʃən/ KK
noun
1.an event, action or thing that is a sign that something exists or is happening; the act of appearing as a sign that something exists or is happening 顯示；表明；表示 countable uncountable ~ (of sth) formal
The riots are a clear manifestation of the people's discontent. 騷亂清楚地表明了人們的不滿情緒。
Some manifestation of your concern would have been appreciated. 你當時要是表現出一些關心就好了。
2.an appearance of a ghost or spirit （幽靈的）顯現，顯靈 countable formal
英文字典
man·i·fes·ta·tion
1.An event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something, esp. a theory or an abstract idea
2.The action or fact of showing something in such a way
3.A symptom or sign of an ailment
同義字
noun: demonstration, display
2010年12月16日 星期四
compare, comparison,
compare to
compare with
in comparison with
compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ DJ /-ˈper/ DJ US /kəm'pɛr/ KK US
verb
1.to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比較；對比 VN ~ A and B ~ A with/to B
It is interesting to compare their situation and ours. 把他們的狀況與我們的相比很有意思。
We compared the two reports carefully. 我們仔細地比較了兩個報告。
We carefully compared the first report with the second. 我們仔細比較了第一份報告和第二份報告。
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's. 與別人的問題相比，我自己的問題算不得什麼。
Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago. 與 40 年前相比，衞生保健的水平得到了極大提高。
2.to be similar to somebody/something else, either better or worse 與…類似（或相似） V ~ with/to sb/sth
This school compares with the best in the country(= it is as good as them). 這所學校可與全國最好的學校媲美。
This house doesn't compare with our previous one(= it is not as good). 這房子比不上我們以前的。
I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared to yours(= they were not nearly as bad as yours). 我遇到了一些困難，但與你的困難比起來就算不上什麼了。
Their prices compare favourably with those of their competitors. 他們的價格比競爭者的要優惠。
3.to show or state that somebody/something is similar to somebody/something else 表明…與…相似；將…比作 VN ~ A to B
The critics compared his work to that of Martin Amis. 評論家把他的作品和馬丁 埃米斯的相提並論。
Idiom: compare notes (with somebody)
1.if two or more people compare notes, they each say what they think about the same event, situation, etc. （與…）交換看法（或意見等）
noun
Idiom: beyond/without compare literary
1.better than anything else of the same kind 無與倫比；舉世無雙
a diamond beyond compare 獨一無二的一顆鑽石
英文字典
com·pare
1.Estimate, measure, or note the similarity or dissimilarity between
2.Point out the resemblances to; liken to
3.Draw an analogy between one thing and (another) for the purposes of explanation or clarification
相關詞組
beyond compare
無與倫比
compare to
把...比作
compare notes
1. 對筆記 2. 交換意見
compare with
與...相比
compare notes (with somebody)
（與…）交換看法（或意見等）
beyond/without compare
無與倫比；舉世無雙
without compare
無與倫比
同義字
verb: liken, collate, contrast, parallel, confront
noun: comparison, simile, similitude, parallel
comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ DJ /kəm'pærəsṇ/ KK
noun
1.the process of comparing two or more people or things 比較 uncountable ~ (with sb/sth)
Comparison with other oil-producing countries is extremely interesting. 與其他石油生產國作一比較是很有意思的。
I enclose the two plans for comparison. 茲附上兩份計劃以供比較。
The education system bears/stands no comparison with that in many Eastern European countries(= it is not as good). 這種教育制度比不上許多東歐國家的教育制度。
2.an occasion when two or more people or things are compared 對比；相比 countable ~ (of A and/to/with B) ~ (between A and B)
a comparison of the rail systems in Britain and France 英國和法國鐵路系統的比較
comparisons between Britain and the rest of Europe 英國與歐洲其他國家之間的比較
a comparison of men's salaries with those of women 男女工資的比較
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book─they are completely different. 這很難與她以前的書相比 兩者是截然不同的。
You can draw comparisons with the situation in Ireland(= say how the two situations are similar). 這種情形可與愛爾蘭的相比。
a comparison of the brain to a computer(= showing similarities) 將大腦比作計算機
Idiom: by comparison written
1.used especially at the beginning of a sentence when the next thing that is mentioned is compared with something in the previous sentence （尤用於句首）比較起來，較之
By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year. 相比之下，去年教育經費增加了。
Idiom: by/in comparison (with somebody/something)
1.when compared with somebody/something （與…）相比較
The second half of the game was dull by comparison with the first. 與上半場相比，比賽的下半場有些沉悶。
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with New York's skyscrapers. 倫敦最高的建築物與紐約的摩天大廈一比就相形見絀。
Idiom: there's no comparison
1.used to emphasize the difference between two people or things that are being compared （強調比較之下的差別）無法相比，根本不能相提並論
In terms of price there's no comparison(= one thing is much more expensive than the other). 在價格方面無法相比。
See also: pale in/by comparison
英文字典
com·par·i·son
1.The act or instance of comparing
2.An analogy
3.The quality of being similar or equivalent
there's no comparison
（強調比較之下的差別）無法相比，根本不能相提並論
by/in comparison (with somebody/something)
（與…）相比較
by comparison
（尤用於句首）比較起來，較之
pale beside/next to something, pale in/by comparison (with/to something), pale into insignificance
相形見絀；顯得遜色
in comparison with
與...相比
stand comparison with
比得上
without comparison
無與倫比
同義字
noun: simile, similitude, collation, compare, parallel, analogy
compare with
in comparison with
compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ DJ /-ˈper/ DJ US /kəm'pɛr/ KK US
verb
1.to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比較；對比 VN ~ A and B ~ A with/to B
It is interesting to compare their situation and ours. 把他們的狀況與我們的相比很有意思。
We compared the two reports carefully. 我們仔細地比較了兩個報告。
We carefully compared the first report with the second. 我們仔細比較了第一份報告和第二份報告。
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people's. 與別人的問題相比，我自己的問題算不得什麼。
Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago. 與 40 年前相比，衞生保健的水平得到了極大提高。
2.to be similar to somebody/something else, either better or worse 與…類似（或相似） V ~ with/to sb/sth
This school compares with the best in the country(= it is as good as them). 這所學校可與全國最好的學校媲美。
This house doesn't compare with our previous one(= it is not as good). 這房子比不上我們以前的。
I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared to yours(= they were not nearly as bad as yours). 我遇到了一些困難，但與你的困難比起來就算不上什麼了。
Their prices compare favourably with those of their competitors. 他們的價格比競爭者的要優惠。
3.to show or state that somebody/something is similar to somebody/something else 表明…與…相似；將…比作 VN ~ A to B
The critics compared his work to that of Martin Amis. 評論家把他的作品和馬丁 埃米斯的相提並論。
Idiom: compare notes (with somebody)
1.if two or more people compare notes, they each say what they think about the same event, situation, etc. （與…）交換看法（或意見等）
noun
Idiom: beyond/without compare literary
1.better than anything else of the same kind 無與倫比；舉世無雙
a diamond beyond compare 獨一無二的一顆鑽石
英文字典
com·pare
1.Estimate, measure, or note the similarity or dissimilarity between
2.Point out the resemblances to; liken to
3.Draw an analogy between one thing and (another) for the purposes of explanation or clarification
相關詞組
beyond compare
無與倫比
compare to
把...比作
compare notes
1. 對筆記 2. 交換意見
compare with
與...相比
compare notes (with somebody)
（與…）交換看法（或意見等）
beyond/without compare
無與倫比；舉世無雙
without compare
無與倫比
同義字
verb: liken, collate, contrast, parallel, confront
noun: comparison, simile, similitude, parallel
comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/ DJ /kəm'pærəsṇ/ KK
noun
1.the process of comparing two or more people or things 比較 uncountable ~ (with sb/sth)
Comparison with other oil-producing countries is extremely interesting. 與其他石油生產國作一比較是很有意思的。
I enclose the two plans for comparison. 茲附上兩份計劃以供比較。
The education system bears/stands no comparison with that in many Eastern European countries(= it is not as good). 這種教育制度比不上許多東歐國家的教育制度。
2.an occasion when two or more people or things are compared 對比；相比 countable ~ (of A and/to/with B) ~ (between A and B)
a comparison of the rail systems in Britain and France 英國和法國鐵路系統的比較
comparisons between Britain and the rest of Europe 英國與歐洲其他國家之間的比較
a comparison of men's salaries with those of women 男女工資的比較
It is difficult to make a comparison with her previous book─they are completely different. 這很難與她以前的書相比 兩者是截然不同的。
You can draw comparisons with the situation in Ireland(= say how the two situations are similar). 這種情形可與愛爾蘭的相比。
a comparison of the brain to a computer(= showing similarities) 將大腦比作計算機
Idiom: by comparison written
1.used especially at the beginning of a sentence when the next thing that is mentioned is compared with something in the previous sentence （尤用於句首）比較起來，較之
By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year. 相比之下，去年教育經費增加了。
Idiom: by/in comparison (with somebody/something)
1.when compared with somebody/something （與…）相比較
The second half of the game was dull by comparison with the first. 與上半場相比，比賽的下半場有些沉悶。
The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with New York's skyscrapers. 倫敦最高的建築物與紐約的摩天大廈一比就相形見絀。
Idiom: there's no comparison
1.used to emphasize the difference between two people or things that are being compared （強調比較之下的差別）無法相比，根本不能相提並論
In terms of price there's no comparison(= one thing is much more expensive than the other). 在價格方面無法相比。
See also: pale in/by comparison
英文字典
com·par·i·son
1.The act or instance of comparing
2.An analogy
3.The quality of being similar or equivalent
there's no comparison
（強調比較之下的差別）無法相比，根本不能相提並論
by/in comparison (with somebody/something)
（與…）相比較
by comparison
（尤用於句首）比較起來，較之
pale beside/next to something, pale in/by comparison (with/to something), pale into insignificance
相形見絀；顯得遜色
in comparison with
與...相比
stand comparison with
比得上
without comparison
無與倫比
同義字
noun: simile, similitude, collation, compare, parallel, analogy
aforementioned, concomitant, plateau, enclose,
aforementioned /əˌfɔːˈmenʃənd/ DJ /əˌfɔːrˈm-/ DJ US /əˈfɔr'mɛnʃənd/ KK US
1.mentioned before, in an earlier sentence 前面提到的；上述的 adjective only before noun formal law
The aforementioned person was seen acting suspiciously. 有人看見前面提到的那個人行動可疑。
Variant: aforesaid /əˈfɔːsed/ DJ /əˈfɔːrsed/ DJ, US /ə'fɔrˈsɛd/ KK, US
Variant: said
concomitant /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/ DJ /-ˈkɑːm-/ DJ US /kən'kɑmətənt/ KK US
adjective
1.happening at the same time as something else, especially because one thing is related to or causes the other （尤指相關聯的或有因果關係的事）同時發生的，伴隨的，相伴的 formal
an increase in student numbers and the concomitant increase in class size 學生人數的增加及伴隨而來的班級規模的增大
noun
1.a thing that happens at the same time as something else 同時發生的事；伴隨（或相伴）的事物 formal
同義字
adjective: attendant, accompanying
noun: concurrent
plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ DJ /plæˈtoʊ/ DJ US /plæ'to/ KK US
noun
Irregular: plateaux plural; plateaus plural /-təʊz/ DJ /-ˈtoʊz/ DJ, US /-'toz/ KK, US
1.an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 高原
See also: mountain
英文字典
pla·teau
1.Reach a state of little or no change after a time of activity or progress
2.a time of little or no change after a period of growth or progress （發展、增長後的）穩定期，停滯期
enclosed /ɪnˈkləʊzd/ DJ /ɪnˈkloʊzd/ DJ US /ɪn'klozd/ KK US
adjective
1.with walls, etc. all around （用牆等）圍住的，封閉的
Do not use this substance in an enclosed space. 切勿在不透氣的地方使用此物質。
2.sent with a letter, etc. 隨函附上的；附上的
Please complete the enclosed application form. 請填好隨函所附的申請表。
3.of religious communities 宗教團體 having little contact with the outside world 與外界隔絕的
an enclosed order of monks 與外界隔絕的男修會
英文字典
en·close
1.Surround or close off on all sides
2.Fence in (common land) so as to make it private property
3.Seclude (a religious order or other community) from the outside world
1.mentioned before, in an earlier sentence 前面提到的；上述的 adjective only before noun formal law
The aforementioned person was seen acting suspiciously. 有人看見前面提到的那個人行動可疑。
Variant: aforesaid /əˈfɔːsed/ DJ /əˈfɔːrsed/ DJ, US /ə'fɔrˈsɛd/ KK, US
Variant: said
concomitant /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/ DJ /-ˈkɑːm-/ DJ US /kən'kɑmətənt/ KK US
adjective
1.happening at the same time as something else, especially because one thing is related to or causes the other （尤指相關聯的或有因果關係的事）同時發生的，伴隨的，相伴的 formal
an increase in student numbers and the concomitant increase in class size 學生人數的增加及伴隨而來的班級規模的增大
noun
1.a thing that happens at the same time as something else 同時發生的事；伴隨（或相伴）的事物 formal
同義字
adjective: attendant, accompanying
noun: concurrent
plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ DJ /plæˈtoʊ/ DJ US /plæ'to/ KK US
noun
Irregular: plateaux plural; plateaus plural /-təʊz/ DJ /-ˈtoʊz/ DJ, US /-'toz/ KK, US
1.an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it 高原
See also: mountain
英文字典
pla·teau
1.Reach a state of little or no change after a time of activity or progress
2.a time of little or no change after a period of growth or progress （發展、增長後的）穩定期，停滯期
enclosed /ɪnˈkləʊzd/ DJ /ɪnˈkloʊzd/ DJ US /ɪn'klozd/ KK US
adjective
1.with walls, etc. all around （用牆等）圍住的，封閉的
Do not use this substance in an enclosed space. 切勿在不透氣的地方使用此物質。
2.sent with a letter, etc. 隨函附上的；附上的
Please complete the enclosed application form. 請填好隨函所附的申請表。
3.of religious communities 宗教團體 having little contact with the outside world 與外界隔絕的
an enclosed order of monks 與外界隔絕的男修會
英文字典
en·close
1.Surround or close off on all sides
2.Fence in (common land) so as to make it private property
3.Seclude (a religious order or other community) from the outside world
2010年12月15日 星期三
distracted, dignity,
distracted /dɪˈstræktɪd/ DJ /dɪ'stræktɪd/ KK
1.unable to pay attention to somebody/something, because you are worried or thinking about something else 注意力分散的；思想不集中的；心煩意亂的 adjective ~ (by sb/sth)
Derivative: distractedly adverb
dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ DJ /'dɪgnətɪ/ KK
noun
1.a calm and serious manner that deserves respect 莊重；莊嚴；尊嚴 uncountable
She accepted the criticism with quiet dignity. 她大度地接受了批評。
2.the fact of being given honour and respect by people 尊貴；高貴；高尚 uncountable
the dignity of work 工作的光榮
The terminally ill should be allowed to die with dignity. 應該允許垂危病人死得有尊嚴。
3.a sense of your own importance and value 自豪；自尊；自重 uncountable
It's difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no job and no home. 一個無家無業的人難以保持自己的尊嚴。
Idiom: beneath your dignity
1.below what you see as your own importance or worth 有失尊嚴；有失身分；有失體面
Idiom: stand on your dignity formal
1.to demand to be treated with the respect that you think that you deserve 要求受到應有的禮遇；保持尊嚴
英文字典
dig·ni·ty
1.The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
2.A composed or serious manner or style
3.A sense of pride in oneself; self-respect
相關詞組
beneath one's dignity
有失身分
beneath your dignity
有失尊嚴；有失身分；有失體面
stand on your dignity
要求受到應有的禮遇；保持尊嚴
stand on one's dignity
堅決受到應有的禮遇;保持尊嚴
stand upon one's dignity
堅決受到應有的禮遇;保持尊嚴
同義字
noun: honour, honor, rank, title
1.unable to pay attention to somebody/something, because you are worried or thinking about something else 注意力分散的；思想不集中的；心煩意亂的 adjective ~ (by sb/sth)
Derivative: distractedly adverb
dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ DJ /'dɪgnətɪ/ KK
noun
1.a calm and serious manner that deserves respect 莊重；莊嚴；尊嚴 uncountable
She accepted the criticism with quiet dignity. 她大度地接受了批評。
2.the fact of being given honour and respect by people 尊貴；高貴；高尚 uncountable
the dignity of work 工作的光榮
The terminally ill should be allowed to die with dignity. 應該允許垂危病人死得有尊嚴。
3.a sense of your own importance and value 自豪；自尊；自重 uncountable
It's difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no job and no home. 一個無家無業的人難以保持自己的尊嚴。
Idiom: beneath your dignity
1.below what you see as your own importance or worth 有失尊嚴；有失身分；有失體面
Idiom: stand on your dignity formal
1.to demand to be treated with the respect that you think that you deserve 要求受到應有的禮遇；保持尊嚴
英文字典
dig·ni·ty
1.The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
2.A composed or serious manner or style
3.A sense of pride in oneself; self-respect
相關詞組
beneath one's dignity
有失身分
beneath your dignity
有失尊嚴；有失身分；有失體面
stand on your dignity
要求受到應有的禮遇；保持尊嚴
stand on one's dignity
堅決受到應有的禮遇;保持尊嚴
stand upon one's dignity
堅決受到應有的禮遇;保持尊嚴
同義字
noun: honour, honor, rank, title
2010年12月14日 星期二
slippage,
slippage /ˈslɪpɪdʒ/ DJ /'slɪpɪdʒ/ KK
noun
1.failure to achieve an aim or complete a task by a particular date 延誤；逾期 uncountable countable usually singular written
2.a slight or gradual fall in the amount, value, etc. of something （微弱或逐漸的）下降，降低，貶值 uncountable countable usually singular written
noun
1.failure to achieve an aim or complete a task by a particular date 延誤；逾期 uncountable countable usually singular written
2.a slight or gradual fall in the amount, value, etc. of something （微弱或逐漸的）下降，降低，貶值 uncountable countable usually singular written
2010年12月13日 星期一
protracted,
protracted /prəˈtræktɪd/ DJ /prə'træktɪd/ KK /proʊˈt-/ DJ American English /pro't-/ KK American English
1.lasting longer than expected or longer than usual 延長的；拖延的；持久的 adjective
pro·tract·ed
1.Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual
protract
1. 延長,拖延 2. (用量角尺)繪製 3. 【動】伸出;伸展
同義字
adjective: prolonged, long, extended, lengthy, long-drawn
1.lasting longer than expected or longer than usual 延長的；拖延的；持久的 adjective
pro·tract·ed
1.Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual
protract
1. 延長,拖延 2. (用量角尺)繪製 3. 【動】伸出;伸展
同義字
adjective: prolonged, long, extended, lengthy, long-drawn
2010年12月6日 星期一
cohort,
cohort /ˈkəʊhɔːt/ DJ /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/ DJ US /'kohɔrt/ KK US
noun
1.a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour （有共同特點或舉止類同的）一群人，一批人 technical C + sing./pl. verb
the 1989 birth cohort(= all those born in 1989) 1989 年出生的同齡人口
2.a member of a group of people who support another person 同夥；支持者 disapproving C + sing./pl. verb
noun
1.a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour （有共同特點或舉止類同的）一群人，一批人 technical C + sing./pl. verb
the 1989 birth cohort(= all those born in 1989) 1989 年出生的同齡人口
2.a member of a group of people who support another person 同夥；支持者 disapproving C + sing./pl. verb
2010年11月30日 星期二
be grouped into two categories
be grouped into two categories
be divided into
be categorized into
be classified into two subsets
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010) p367
Tumor antigens used in the DC-based therapies can be roughly grouped into two categories: well-defined tumor antigen abd whole-tumor cell preparations in which the antigens are largely unknown.
be divided into
be categorized into
be classified into two subsets
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010) p367
Tumor antigens used in the DC-based therapies can be roughly grouped into two categories: well-defined tumor antigen abd whole-tumor cell preparations in which the antigens are largely unknown.
A sentence, implying (suggesting, indicating,demonstrating) that B sentence
A sentence, implying that B sentence
, suggesting that
, indicating that
, demonstrating that
, suggesting that
, indicating that
, demonstrating that
hallucinogen, ensue,
hallucinogen /ˌhæˈluːsɪnədʒən/ DJ /hə'lusṇəˈdʒɛn/ KK
1.a drug, such as LSD, that affects people's minds and makes them see and hear things that are not really there 致幻劑；幻覺劑 noun
ensue /ɪnˈsjuː/ DJ /-ˈsuː/ DJ US /ɪn'su/ KK US
1.to happen after or as a result of another event 接着發生；因而產生 verb V written
See also: follow Synonym
An argument ensued. 緊接着的是一場爭論。
Derivative: ensuing adjective
en·sue
1.Happen or occur afterward or as a result
同義字
verb: follow, result, succeed
circumvent /ˌsɜːkəmˈvent/ DJ /ˌsɜːrk-/ DJ US /ˈsɝkəm'vɛnt/ KK US
verb
1.to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule 設法迴避；規避 VN formal
They found a way of circumventing the law. 他們找到了規避法律的途徑。
2.to go or travel around something that is blocking your way 繞過；繞行；繞道旅行 VN formal
Derivative: circumvention noun, uncountable /ˌsɜːkəmˈvenʃn/ DJ /ˌsɜːrk-/ DJ, US /ˈsɝkəm'vɛnʃən/ KK, US
1.a drug, such as LSD, that affects people's minds and makes them see and hear things that are not really there 致幻劑；幻覺劑 noun
ensue /ɪnˈsjuː/ DJ /-ˈsuː/ DJ US /ɪn'su/ KK US
1.to happen after or as a result of another event 接着發生；因而產生 verb V written
See also: follow Synonym
An argument ensued. 緊接着的是一場爭論。
Derivative: ensuing adjective
en·sue
1.Happen or occur afterward or as a result
同義字
verb: follow, result, succeed
circumvent /ˌsɜːkəmˈvent/ DJ /ˌsɜːrk-/ DJ US /ˈsɝkəm'vɛnt/ KK US
verb
1.to find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule 設法迴避；規避 VN formal
They found a way of circumventing the law. 他們找到了規避法律的途徑。
2.to go or travel around something that is blocking your way 繞過；繞行；繞道旅行 VN formal
Derivative: circumvention noun, uncountable /ˌsɜːkəmˈvenʃn/ DJ /ˌsɜːrk-/ DJ, US /ˈsɝkəm'vɛnʃən/ KK, US
2010年11月16日 星期二
remnant, take off, flop, year after year, recipient, succumb (succumb to),
remnant /ˈremnənt/ DJ /'rɛmnənt/ KK
noun
1.a part of something that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc. 殘餘部份；剩餘部份 usually plural
The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area. 這片樹林只是剩下的一部份，原來這一帶是一大片森林。
2.a small piece of fabric that is left when the rest has been sold （織物的）零頭，零料；布頭
英文字典
rem·nant
1.Remaining
同義字
noun: remainder, residue, rest, leftover, vestige, residual, residuum, relic, survival, remains
take off
1.of an aircraft, etc. 飛機等 to leave the ground and begin to fly 起飛
The plane took off an hour late. 飛機起飛晚了一個小時。
See also: take-off; land Antonym
2.to leave a place, especially in a hurry 匆匆離去；急忙離開 informal
When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction. 他見我走過來便趕快轉身走了。
3.of an idea, a product, etc. 觀念、產品等 to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly 突然大受歡迎；迅速流行
flop /flɒp/ DJ /flɑːp/ DJ US /flɑp/ KK US
verb
1.to sit or lie down in a heavy and sudden way because you are very tired （因疲憊而）猛然坐下，沉重地躺下 ~ into/on sth ~ (down/back) V
2.to fall, move or hang in a heavy or awkward way, without control （沉重、笨拙或不自主地）落下，移動，懸掛 VN + adv./prep. V
Her hair flopped over her eyes. 她的頭髮耷拉下來遮住了眼睛。
The young man flopped back, unconscious. 那年輕人仰面倒下，不省人事。
The fish were flopping around in the bottom of the boat. 魚在船底撲騰。
3.to be a complete failure 砸鍋；完全失敗 informal V
The play flopped on Broadway. 這齣戲在百老匯砸了鍋。
noun
1.a film/movie, play, party, etc. that is not successful （電影、戲劇、聚會等）失敗，不成功
See also: bellyflop
year after year
1.every year for many years 年年；每年
recipient [riˈsipiənt] DJ [rɪˈsɪpɪənt] KK
noun
Variant: recipients
1.接受者;受領者;接受器,容器 (+of)
They would in time become the recipients of much criticism. 他們最終會受到許多批評。
She is one of the recipients of prizes. 她是獲獎者之一。
2.間接受詞
adjective
1.接受的;受領的;容納的;願意接受的;能接受的
英文字典
re·cip·i·ent
1.A person or thing that receives or is awarded something
radical /ˈrædɪkl/ DJ /'rædɪkḷ/ KK
adjective
1.concerning the most basic and important parts of something; thorough and complete 根本的；徹底的；完全的 usually before noun
the need for radical changes in education 對教育進行徹底變革的需要
demands for radical reform of the law 徹底改變法律的要求
radical differences between the sexes 兩性間的根本差異
2.new, different and likely to have a great effect 全新的；不同凡響的 usually before noun
radical ideas 不同凡響的觀點
a radical solution to the problem 解決問題的全新的方法
radical proposals/measures 不同凡響的提議／措施
3.in favour of thorough and complete political or social change 激進的；極端的 usually before noun
the radical wing of the party 黨內的激進派
radical politicians/students/writers 激進的政治家／學生／作家
4.very good 很好；非常好 American English slang usually before noun
Derivative: radically adverb /-kli/ DJ /-klɪ/ KK
The new methods are radically different from the old. 新的方法迥然不同於舊的方法。
Attitudes have changed radically. 態度發生了根本的變化。
noun
1.a person with radical opinions 激進分子
succumb /səˈkʌm/ DJ /sə'kʌm/ KK
1.to fail to resist an attack, an illness, a temptation, etc. 屈服；屈從；放棄抵抗，抵擋不住（攻擊、疾病、誘惑等） verb V ~ (to sth)
suc·cumb
1.Fail to resist (pressure, temptation, or some other negative force)
2.Die from the effect of a disease or injury
相關詞組
succumb to
屈服於
同義字
verb: die, surrender, yield, submit, give in
noun
1.a part of something that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc. 殘餘部份；剩餘部份 usually plural
The woods are remnants of a huge forest which once covered the whole area. 這片樹林只是剩下的一部份，原來這一帶是一大片森林。
2.a small piece of fabric that is left when the rest has been sold （織物的）零頭，零料；布頭
英文字典
rem·nant
1.Remaining
同義字
noun: remainder, residue, rest, leftover, vestige, residual, residuum, relic, survival, remains
take off
1.of an aircraft, etc. 飛機等 to leave the ground and begin to fly 起飛
The plane took off an hour late. 飛機起飛晚了一個小時。
See also: take-off; land Antonym
2.to leave a place, especially in a hurry 匆匆離去；急忙離開 informal
When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction. 他見我走過來便趕快轉身走了。
3.of an idea, a product, etc. 觀念、產品等 to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly 突然大受歡迎；迅速流行
flop /flɒp/ DJ /flɑːp/ DJ US /flɑp/ KK US
verb
1.to sit or lie down in a heavy and sudden way because you are very tired （因疲憊而）猛然坐下，沉重地躺下 ~ into/on sth ~ (down/back) V
2.to fall, move or hang in a heavy or awkward way, without control （沉重、笨拙或不自主地）落下，移動，懸掛 VN + adv./prep. V
Her hair flopped over her eyes. 她的頭髮耷拉下來遮住了眼睛。
The young man flopped back, unconscious. 那年輕人仰面倒下，不省人事。
The fish were flopping around in the bottom of the boat. 魚在船底撲騰。
3.to be a complete failure 砸鍋；完全失敗 informal V
The play flopped on Broadway. 這齣戲在百老匯砸了鍋。
noun
1.a film/movie, play, party, etc. that is not successful （電影、戲劇、聚會等）失敗，不成功
See also: bellyflop
year after year
1.every year for many years 年年；每年
recipient [riˈsipiənt] DJ [rɪˈsɪpɪənt] KK
noun
Variant: recipients
1.接受者;受領者;接受器,容器 (+of)
They would in time become the recipients of much criticism. 他們最終會受到許多批評。
She is one of the recipients of prizes. 她是獲獎者之一。
2.間接受詞
adjective
1.接受的;受領的;容納的;願意接受的;能接受的
英文字典
re·cip·i·ent
1.A person or thing that receives or is awarded something
radical /ˈrædɪkl/ DJ /'rædɪkḷ/ KK
adjective
1.concerning the most basic and important parts of something; thorough and complete 根本的；徹底的；完全的 usually before noun
the need for radical changes in education 對教育進行徹底變革的需要
demands for radical reform of the law 徹底改變法律的要求
radical differences between the sexes 兩性間的根本差異
2.new, different and likely to have a great effect 全新的；不同凡響的 usually before noun
radical ideas 不同凡響的觀點
a radical solution to the problem 解決問題的全新的方法
radical proposals/measures 不同凡響的提議／措施
3.in favour of thorough and complete political or social change 激進的；極端的 usually before noun
the radical wing of the party 黨內的激進派
radical politicians/students/writers 激進的政治家／學生／作家
4.very good 很好；非常好 American English slang usually before noun
Derivative: radically adverb /-kli/ DJ /-klɪ/ KK
The new methods are radically different from the old. 新的方法迥然不同於舊的方法。
Attitudes have changed radically. 態度發生了根本的變化。
noun
1.a person with radical opinions 激進分子
succumb /səˈkʌm/ DJ /sə'kʌm/ KK
1.to fail to resist an attack, an illness, a temptation, etc. 屈服；屈從；放棄抵抗，抵擋不住（攻擊、疾病、誘惑等） verb V ~ (to sth)
suc·cumb
1.Fail to resist (pressure, temptation, or some other negative force)
2.Die from the effect of a disease or injury
相關詞組
succumb to
屈服於
同義字
verb: die, surrender, yield, submit, give in
enlist, Sisyphus, boulder, uncannily, apt, metaphorical, tumble,
enlist /ɪnˈlɪst/ DJ /ɪn'lɪst/ KK
verb
1.to persuade somebody to help you or to join you in doing something 爭取，謀取（幫助、支持或參與） ~ sth/sb (in sth) ~ sb (as sth)
They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他們希望尋求公眾協助破案。 VN
We were enlisted as helpers. 我們應邀協助。
2.to join or to make somebody join the armed forces （使）入伍；徵募；從軍 ~ (sb) (in/into/for sth) ~ (sb) (as sth)
See also: join up Synonym
They both enlisted in 1915. 他倆都是 1915 年入伍的。 V
to enlist as a soldier 入伍當兵
He was enlisted into the US Navy. 他應徵參加了美國海軍。 VN
Derivative: enlistment uncountable
en·list
1.Enroll or be enrolled in the armed services
2.Engage (a person or their help or support)
同義字
verb: enroll, recruit, enrol
figurine /ˈfɪɡəriːn/ DJ /ˌfɪɡjəˈriːn/ DJ US /ˈfɪgjə'rin/ KK US
1.a small statue of a person or an animal used as an ornament （人、動物的）小雕像，小塑像 noun
英文字典
fig·ur·ine
1.A statuette, esp. one of a human form
Sisyphus [ˈsisifəs] DJ [ˈsɪsəfəs] KK
noun
1.【希神】希臘暴君
boulder /ˈbəʊldə(r)/ DJ /ˈboʊl-/ DJ US /'boldɚ/ KK US
1.a very large rock which has been shaped by water or the weather （受水或天氣侵蝕而成的）巨石；漂礫 noun
英文字典
boul·der
1.A large rock, typically one that has been worn smooth by erosion
同義字
noun: rock, bowlder, pebble
uncannily [ʌnˈkænili] DJ [ʌnˈkænɪlɪ] KK
adverb
1.奇怪地;神祕地
2.不尋常地
相關詞組
uncanny
異常的；難以解釋的
apt /æpt/ DJ /æpt/ KK
adjective
1.suitable or appropriate in the circumstances 恰當的；適當的
a particularly apt description/name/comment 特別恰當的描述／名字／評論
The song would have been more apt for a bass voice. 這首歌本來更適合低沉的嗓音。
2.likely or having a natural tendency to do something 易於…；有…傾向 ~ to be… ~ to do sth
apt to be forgetful/careless 健忘；常常粗心大意
Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths. 嬰兒愛把東西往嘴裏塞。
3.a person who has a natural ability to learn and understand 天資聰穎的人 ~ pupil
Derivative: aptly adverb
the aptly named Grand Hotel 名副其實的大飯店
Derivative: aptness noun, uncountable
英文字典
apt
1.Appropriate or suitable in the circumstances
2.Having a tendency to do something
3.Quick to learn
相關詞組
apt.
1. apartment 2. automatically programmed tools APT系統,自動程式控制刀具系統
apt at
善於
apt to
易於(做);有...傾向
同義字
adjective: fit, suitable, appropriate, proper, convenient, apposite, likely, able, liable
metaphorical /ˌmetəˈfɒrɪkl/ DJ /-ˈfɔːr-/ DJ US /ˈmɛtə'fɔrɪkḷ/ KK US /-ˈfɑːr-/ DJ US /-'fɑr-/ KK US
1.connected with or containing metaphors 隱喻的；含比喻的；比喻性的 adjective
metaphorical language 比喻的語言
See also: figurative; literal
met·a·phor·i·cal
1.Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative
同義字
adjective: figurative, tropical
metaphor /ˈmetəfə(r)/ DJ /'mɛtəfɚ/ KK
1.a word or phrase used in an imaginative way to describe somebody/something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful, for example She has a heart of stone; the use of such words and phrases 暗喻；隱喻 noun countable uncountable
a game of football used as a metaphor for the competitive struggle of life 一場足球比賽，它可以用來喻指生活中的激烈鬥爭
the writer's striking use of metaphor 作家對於隱喻的獨到運用
See also: simile
uphill /ˌʌpˈhɪl/ DJ /ˈʌp'hɪl/ KK
adjective
1.sloping upwards 上坡的
an uphill climb/slope 向上的攀爬；上坡
The last part of the race is all uphill. 賽跑的最後一段全是上坡路。
See also: downhill Antonym
2.an argument or a struggle that is difficult to win and takes a lot of effort over a long period of time 漫長而艱難的，費力的（戰鬥、鬥爭、任務等） ~ battle, struggle, task, etc.
adverb
1.towards the top of a hill or slope 向山上；朝上坡方向
We cycled uphill for over an hour. 我們騎自行車爬了一個多小時的坡。
The path slopes steeply uphill. 小徑直上陡峭的山坡。
See also: downhill Antonym
tumble /ˈtʌmbl/ DJ /'tʌmbḷ/ KK
verb
1.to fall downwards, often hitting the ground several times, but usually without serious injury; to make somebody/something fall in this way （使）跌倒，摔倒，滾落，翻滾下來 VN + adv./prep.
He slipped and tumbled down the stairs. 他腳一滑滾下了樓梯。 V
2.to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way 倒塌；坍塌 V ~ (down)
The scaffolding came tumbling down. 腳手架突然倒塌。
World records tumbled at the last Olympics. 在上屆奧林匹克運動會上世界紀錄大幅下滑。 figurative
See also: tumbledown
3.to fall rapidly in value or amount （價格或數量）暴跌，驟降 V
The price of oil is still tumbling. 油價仍在急遽下跌。
4.to move or fall somewhere in a relaxed,uncontrolled, or noisy way 翻滾；打滾；翻騰；輕鬆地倒下 V VN + adv./prep.
I undressed and tumbled into bed. 我脫掉衣服一頭倒在床上。
A group of noisy children tumbled out of the bus. 一群吵吵嚷嚷的孩子一窩蜂地下了公共汽車。
The water tumbled over the rocks. 水流從岩石上滾滾流過。
Thick golden curls tumbled down over her shoulders. 厚厚的金色鬈髮垂在她的肩上。
Phrasal: tumble to something/somebody British English, informal
1.to suddenly understand something or be aware of something 頓悟；突然意識到
noun
1.a sudden fall 跌倒；滾落；暴跌 countable usually singular
The jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence. 騎師在第三道柵欄處給重重摔下馬來。
Share prices took a sharp tumble following news of the merger. 合併消息傳出，股價隨即暴跌。
See also: rough and tumble
2.an untidy group of things 混亂的一堆；雜亂不堪的一團 singular ~ (of sth)
英文字典
tum·ble
1.(typically of a person) Fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong
2.Move or rush in a headlong or uncontrolled way
3.(of something abstract) Fall rapidly in amount or value
相關詞組
rough and tumble
1. 激烈的競爭；混戰 2. （兒童或動物一起嬉戲時的）吵鬧搗蛋行為
tumble-dryer
滾筒式乾衣機
tumble to something/somebody
頓悟；突然意識到
rough-and-tumble
1. 混亂的 2. 草率搭成的 3. 混戰;扭鬥
tumble dryer
滾筒式烘乾機
tumble into
偶然遇見(或發現)
tumble upon
偶然遇見(或發現)
tumble-down
1. 破爛的 2. 搖搖欲墜的
同義字
verb: fall, topple
noun: fall, downfall, drop, somersault
Ref:
Immune therapy steps up the attack. Couzin-Frankel J. Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):440-3.
After years of trying, cancer researchers say they are fi nally having success enlisting the body’s own defenses to destroy tumors
BETHESDA, MARYLAND — On a corner of Steven Rosenberg’s desk rests a small, gold figurine representing Sisyphus, its arms straining to push a boulder forward. A gift from his wife when he joined the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) here as chief of surgery back in 1974, it is uncannily apt: Rosenberg has spent 3 decades rolling metaphorical boulders uphill, only to see them tumble back down again.
verb
1.to persuade somebody to help you or to join you in doing something 爭取，謀取（幫助、支持或參與） ~ sth/sb (in sth) ~ sb (as sth)
They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他們希望尋求公眾協助破案。 VN
We were enlisted as helpers. 我們應邀協助。
2.to join or to make somebody join the armed forces （使）入伍；徵募；從軍 ~ (sb) (in/into/for sth) ~ (sb) (as sth)
See also: join up Synonym
They both enlisted in 1915. 他倆都是 1915 年入伍的。 V
to enlist as a soldier 入伍當兵
He was enlisted into the US Navy. 他應徵參加了美國海軍。 VN
Derivative: enlistment uncountable
en·list
1.Enroll or be enrolled in the armed services
2.Engage (a person or their help or support)
同義字
verb: enroll, recruit, enrol
figurine /ˈfɪɡəriːn/ DJ /ˌfɪɡjəˈriːn/ DJ US /ˈfɪgjə'rin/ KK US
1.a small statue of a person or an animal used as an ornament （人、動物的）小雕像，小塑像 noun
英文字典
fig·ur·ine
1.A statuette, esp. one of a human form
Sisyphus [ˈsisifəs] DJ [ˈsɪsəfəs] KK
noun
1.【希神】希臘暴君
boulder /ˈbəʊldə(r)/ DJ /ˈboʊl-/ DJ US /'boldɚ/ KK US
1.a very large rock which has been shaped by water or the weather （受水或天氣侵蝕而成的）巨石；漂礫 noun
英文字典
boul·der
1.A large rock, typically one that has been worn smooth by erosion
同義字
noun: rock, bowlder, pebble
uncannily [ʌnˈkænili] DJ [ʌnˈkænɪlɪ] KK
adverb
1.奇怪地;神祕地
2.不尋常地
相關詞組
uncanny
異常的；難以解釋的
apt /æpt/ DJ /æpt/ KK
adjective
1.suitable or appropriate in the circumstances 恰當的；適當的
a particularly apt description/name/comment 特別恰當的描述／名字／評論
The song would have been more apt for a bass voice. 這首歌本來更適合低沉的嗓音。
2.likely or having a natural tendency to do something 易於…；有…傾向 ~ to be… ~ to do sth
apt to be forgetful/careless 健忘；常常粗心大意
Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths. 嬰兒愛把東西往嘴裏塞。
3.a person who has a natural ability to learn and understand 天資聰穎的人 ~ pupil
Derivative: aptly adverb
the aptly named Grand Hotel 名副其實的大飯店
Derivative: aptness noun, uncountable
英文字典
apt
1.Appropriate or suitable in the circumstances
2.Having a tendency to do something
3.Quick to learn
相關詞組
apt.
1. apartment 2. automatically programmed tools APT系統,自動程式控制刀具系統
apt at
善於
apt to
易於(做);有...傾向
同義字
adjective: fit, suitable, appropriate, proper, convenient, apposite, likely, able, liable
metaphorical /ˌmetəˈfɒrɪkl/ DJ /-ˈfɔːr-/ DJ US /ˈmɛtə'fɔrɪkḷ/ KK US /-ˈfɑːr-/ DJ US /-'fɑr-/ KK US
1.connected with or containing metaphors 隱喻的；含比喻的；比喻性的 adjective
metaphorical language 比喻的語言
See also: figurative; literal
met·a·phor·i·cal
1.Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative
同義字
adjective: figurative, tropical
metaphor /ˈmetəfə(r)/ DJ /'mɛtəfɚ/ KK
1.a word or phrase used in an imaginative way to describe somebody/something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful, for example She has a heart of stone; the use of such words and phrases 暗喻；隱喻 noun countable uncountable
a game of football used as a metaphor for the competitive struggle of life 一場足球比賽，它可以用來喻指生活中的激烈鬥爭
the writer's striking use of metaphor 作家對於隱喻的獨到運用
See also: simile
uphill /ˌʌpˈhɪl/ DJ /ˈʌp'hɪl/ KK
adjective
1.sloping upwards 上坡的
an uphill climb/slope 向上的攀爬；上坡
The last part of the race is all uphill. 賽跑的最後一段全是上坡路。
See also: downhill Antonym
2.an argument or a struggle that is difficult to win and takes a lot of effort over a long period of time 漫長而艱難的，費力的（戰鬥、鬥爭、任務等） ~ battle, struggle, task, etc.
adverb
1.towards the top of a hill or slope 向山上；朝上坡方向
We cycled uphill for over an hour. 我們騎自行車爬了一個多小時的坡。
The path slopes steeply uphill. 小徑直上陡峭的山坡。
See also: downhill Antonym
tumble /ˈtʌmbl/ DJ /'tʌmbḷ/ KK
verb
1.to fall downwards, often hitting the ground several times, but usually without serious injury; to make somebody/something fall in this way （使）跌倒，摔倒，滾落，翻滾下來 VN + adv./prep.
He slipped and tumbled down the stairs. 他腳一滑滾下了樓梯。 V
2.to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way 倒塌；坍塌 V ~ (down)
The scaffolding came tumbling down. 腳手架突然倒塌。
World records tumbled at the last Olympics. 在上屆奧林匹克運動會上世界紀錄大幅下滑。 figurative
See also: tumbledown
3.to fall rapidly in value or amount （價格或數量）暴跌，驟降 V
The price of oil is still tumbling. 油價仍在急遽下跌。
4.to move or fall somewhere in a relaxed,uncontrolled, or noisy way 翻滾；打滾；翻騰；輕鬆地倒下 V VN + adv./prep.
I undressed and tumbled into bed. 我脫掉衣服一頭倒在床上。
A group of noisy children tumbled out of the bus. 一群吵吵嚷嚷的孩子一窩蜂地下了公共汽車。
The water tumbled over the rocks. 水流從岩石上滾滾流過。
Thick golden curls tumbled down over her shoulders. 厚厚的金色鬈髮垂在她的肩上。
Phrasal: tumble to something/somebody British English, informal
1.to suddenly understand something or be aware of something 頓悟；突然意識到
noun
1.a sudden fall 跌倒；滾落；暴跌 countable usually singular
The jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence. 騎師在第三道柵欄處給重重摔下馬來。
Share prices took a sharp tumble following news of the merger. 合併消息傳出，股價隨即暴跌。
See also: rough and tumble
2.an untidy group of things 混亂的一堆；雜亂不堪的一團 singular ~ (of sth)
英文字典
tum·ble
1.(typically of a person) Fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong
2.Move or rush in a headlong or uncontrolled way
3.(of something abstract) Fall rapidly in amount or value
相關詞組
rough and tumble
1. 激烈的競爭；混戰 2. （兒童或動物一起嬉戲時的）吵鬧搗蛋行為
tumble-dryer
滾筒式乾衣機
tumble to something/somebody
頓悟；突然意識到
rough-and-tumble
1. 混亂的 2. 草率搭成的 3. 混戰;扭鬥
tumble dryer
滾筒式烘乾機
tumble into
偶然遇見(或發現)
tumble upon
偶然遇見(或發現)
tumble-down
1. 破爛的 2. 搖搖欲墜的
同義字
verb: fall, topple
noun: fall, downfall, drop, somersault
Ref:
Immune therapy steps up the attack. Couzin-Frankel J. Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):440-3.
After years of trying, cancer researchers say they are fi nally having success enlisting the body’s own defenses to destroy tumors
BETHESDA, MARYLAND — On a corner of Steven Rosenberg’s desk rests a small, gold figurine representing Sisyphus, its arms straining to push a boulder forward. A gift from his wife when he joined the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) here as chief of surgery back in 1974, it is uncannily apt: Rosenberg has spent 3 decades rolling metaphorical boulders uphill, only to see them tumble back down again.
2010年11月10日 星期三
provoke, obviate,
provoke /prəˈvəʊk/ DJ /-ˈvoʊk/ DJ US /prə'vok/ KK US
verb
1.to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effect 激起；引起；引發 VN
The announcement provoked a storm of protest. 這個聲明激起了抗議的風潮。
The article was intended to provoke discussion. 這篇文章旨在引發討論。
Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people. 奶製品可能會引起某些人的過敏反應。
2.to say or do something that you know will annoy somebody so that they react in an angry way 挑釁；激怒；刺激 ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth)
See also: goad Synonym
英文字典
pro·voke
1.Stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone
2.Stimulate or incite (someone) to do or feel something, esp. by arousing anger in them
3.Deliberately make (someone) annoyed or angry
同義字
verb: excite, irritate, incite, arouse, rouse, induce, instigate, cause, stimulate, vex
obviate /ˈɒbvieɪt/ DJ /ˈɑːb-/ DJ US /'ɑbvɪˈet/ KK US
1.to remove a problem or the need for something 消除；排除；打消 verb VN formal
英文字典
ob·vi·ate
1.Remove (a need or difficulty)
2.Avoid; prevent
同義字
verb: avoid, prevent, evade, avert, eliminate, preclude, forestall
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Two observations have helped explain this variation in helper dependence. First, CD40L can be induced in DCs by some, but not all, TLR ligands,344 and second, CD40 can be expressed on CD8+ T cells after activation.345 Thus, pathogens that provide appropriate TLR stimuli to provoke CD40L expression on DCs can trigger improved CD8+ T cell function via direct interaction with CD40 on the CD8+ T cell, obviating the requirement for an intermediary CD4+ T cell.
verb
1.to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effect 激起；引起；引發 VN
The announcement provoked a storm of protest. 這個聲明激起了抗議的風潮。
The article was intended to provoke discussion. 這篇文章旨在引發討論。
Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people. 奶製品可能會引起某些人的過敏反應。
2.to say or do something that you know will annoy somebody so that they react in an angry way 挑釁；激怒；刺激 ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth)
See also: goad Synonym
英文字典
pro·voke
1.Stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone
2.Stimulate or incite (someone) to do or feel something, esp. by arousing anger in them
3.Deliberately make (someone) annoyed or angry
同義字
verb: excite, irritate, incite, arouse, rouse, induce, instigate, cause, stimulate, vex
obviate /ˈɒbvieɪt/ DJ /ˈɑːb-/ DJ US /'ɑbvɪˈet/ KK US
1.to remove a problem or the need for something 消除；排除；打消 verb VN formal
英文字典
ob·vi·ate
1.Remove (a need or difficulty)
2.Avoid; prevent
同義字
verb: avoid, prevent, evade, avert, eliminate, preclude, forestall
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Two observations have helped explain this variation in helper dependence. First, CD40L can be induced in DCs by some, but not all, TLR ligands,344 and second, CD40 can be expressed on CD8+ T cells after activation.345 Thus, pathogens that provide appropriate TLR stimuli to provoke CD40L expression on DCs can trigger improved CD8+ T cell function via direct interaction with CD40 on the CD8+ T cell, obviating the requirement for an intermediary CD4+ T cell.
2010年10月27日 星期三
woefully (woeful), orphan, cryptic, posit,
woefully [ˈwəufəli] DJ [ˈwofəlɪ] KK
adverb
1.悲哀地
2.令人遺憾地
woeful /ˈwəʊfl/ DJ /ˈwoʊfl/ DJ US /'wofəl/ KK US
adjective
1.very bad or serious; that you disapprove of 糟糕的；嚴重的；不合意的 usually before noun
See also: deplorable Synonym
She displayed a woeful ignorance of the rules. 她對這些條例表現出可悲的無知。
2.very sad 悲慘的；憂傷的 literary formal
a woeful face 憂傷的面孔
woeful tales of broken romances 破裂愛情的悲慘故事
Derivative: woefully adverb /-fəli/ DJ /-fəlɪ/ KK
英文字典
woe·ful
1.Characterized by, expressive of, or causing sorrow or misery
2.Very bad; deplorable
同義字
adjective: woesome, sad, sorrowful, rueful, miserable, lamentable, doleful, unhappy, mournful, wretched, sorry, grievous, dolorous, pitiable, deplorable
cryptic /ˈkrɪptɪk/ DJ /'krɪptɪk/ KK
1.with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood 含義隱晦的；晦澀難懂的 adjective
a cryptic message/remark/smile 令人困惑的信息╱話語╱微笑
a cryptic crossword clue 撲朔迷離的縱橫字謎線索
Derivative: cryptically adverb /-kli/ DJ /-klɪ/ KK
‘Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. “又是又不是。”她回答得很隱晦。
英文字典
cryp·tic
1.Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure
2.(of a crossword) Having difficult clues that indicate the solutions indirectly
3.(of coloration or markings) Serving to camouflage an animal in its natural environment
同義字
adjective: occult, secret, enigmatic, mysterious, hidden, privy, mystic
orphan /ˈɔːfn/ DJ /ˈɔːrfn/ DJ US /'ɔrfən/ KK US
noun
1.a child whose parents are dead 孤兒
He was an orphan and lived with his uncle. 他是個孤兒，和他叔叔一起生活。
orphan boys/girls 父母雙亡的男孩／女孩
verb
1.to make a child an orphan 使成為孤兒 VN usually passive
英文字典
or·phan
1.A child whose parents are dead
2.A person or thing bereft of protection, position, etc
3.The first line of a paragraph set as the last line of a page or column, considered undesirable
posit /ˈpɒzɪt/ DJ /ˈpɑːz-/ DJ US /'pɑzɪt/ KK US
1.to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or discussion 假設；認定；認為…為實 verb formal
See also: postulate Synonym
英文字典
pos·it
1.Assume as a fact; put forward as a basis of argument
2.Base something on the truth of (a particular assumption)
3.Put in position; place
同義字
verb: place, set, put, pose, postulate
adverb
1.悲哀地
2.令人遺憾地
woeful /ˈwəʊfl/ DJ /ˈwoʊfl/ DJ US /'wofəl/ KK US
adjective
1.very bad or serious; that you disapprove of 糟糕的；嚴重的；不合意的 usually before noun
See also: deplorable Synonym
She displayed a woeful ignorance of the rules. 她對這些條例表現出可悲的無知。
2.very sad 悲慘的；憂傷的 literary formal
a woeful face 憂傷的面孔
woeful tales of broken romances 破裂愛情的悲慘故事
Derivative: woefully adverb /-fəli/ DJ /-fəlɪ/ KK
英文字典
woe·ful
1.Characterized by, expressive of, or causing sorrow or misery
2.Very bad; deplorable
同義字
adjective: woesome, sad, sorrowful, rueful, miserable, lamentable, doleful, unhappy, mournful, wretched, sorry, grievous, dolorous, pitiable, deplorable
cryptic /ˈkrɪptɪk/ DJ /'krɪptɪk/ KK
1.with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood 含義隱晦的；晦澀難懂的 adjective
a cryptic message/remark/smile 令人困惑的信息╱話語╱微笑
a cryptic crossword clue 撲朔迷離的縱橫字謎線索
Derivative: cryptically adverb /-kli/ DJ /-klɪ/ KK
‘Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. “又是又不是。”她回答得很隱晦。
英文字典
cryp·tic
1.Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure
2.(of a crossword) Having difficult clues that indicate the solutions indirectly
3.(of coloration or markings) Serving to camouflage an animal in its natural environment
同義字
adjective: occult, secret, enigmatic, mysterious, hidden, privy, mystic
orphan /ˈɔːfn/ DJ /ˈɔːrfn/ DJ US /'ɔrfən/ KK US
noun
1.a child whose parents are dead 孤兒
He was an orphan and lived with his uncle. 他是個孤兒，和他叔叔一起生活。
orphan boys/girls 父母雙亡的男孩／女孩
verb
1.to make a child an orphan 使成為孤兒 VN usually passive
英文字典
or·phan
1.A child whose parents are dead
2.A person or thing bereft of protection, position, etc
3.The first line of a paragraph set as the last line of a page or column, considered undesirable
posit /ˈpɒzɪt/ DJ /ˈpɑːz-/ DJ US /'pɑzɪt/ KK US
1.to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or discussion 假設；認定；認為…為實 verb formal
See also: postulate Synonym
英文字典
pos·it
1.Assume as a fact; put forward as a basis of argument
2.Base something on the truth of (a particular assumption)
3.Put in position; place
同義字
verb: place, set, put, pose, postulate
2010年10月22日 星期五
supernumerary,
supernumerary /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːmərəri/ DJ /ˌsjuː-/ DJ /ˌsuːpərˈnuːməreri/ DJ US /ˈsupɚ'numəˈrɛrɪ/ KK US
1.more than you normally need; extra 多餘的；過剩的；額外的 adjective rare formal
英文字典
su·per·nu·mer·ar·y
1.Present in excess of the normal or requisite number, in particular
2.(of a person) Not belonging to a regular staff but engaged for extra work
3.Not wanted or needed; redundant
同義字
adjective: extra, additional, odd, superfluous, redundant
noun: extra
1.more than you normally need; extra 多餘的；過剩的；額外的 adjective rare formal
英文字典
su·per·nu·mer·ar·y
1.Present in excess of the normal or requisite number, in particular
2.(of a person) Not belonging to a regular staff but engaged for extra work
3.Not wanted or needed; redundant
同義字
adjective: extra, additional, odd, superfluous, redundant
noun: extra
2010年10月21日 星期四
My thought
Human being is born to be endowed with making decision.
Once time fly, we are not given right to take back your time.
Once time fly, we are not given right to take back your time.
heighten,
heighten [ˈhaitn] DJ [ˈhaɪtṇ] KK
transitive verb
Variant: heightened; heightened; heightening
1.加高,增高
heighten a wall 加高一堵牆
2.增加;提高
heighten an effect 增強效果
3.使(色彩等)更濃;使更顯著
intransitive verb
1.變高,升高
2.變強,變濃
英文字典
height·en
1.Make (something) higher
2.Make or become more intense
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
One recent study exploited the requirement for cross-presented antigens to be diverted into the cytosol to deplete cells with a heightened propensity for the crosspresentation process.
transitive verb
Variant: heightened; heightened; heightening
1.加高,增高
heighten a wall 加高一堵牆
2.增加;提高
heighten an effect 增強效果
3.使(色彩等)更濃;使更顯著
intransitive verb
1.變高,升高
2.變強,變濃
英文字典
height·en
1.Make (something) higher
2.Make or become more intense
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
One recent study exploited the requirement for cross-presented antigens to be diverted into the cytosol to deplete cells with a heightened propensity for the crosspresentation process.
superior, attribute, exemplify, exploit, divert,propensity
superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ DJ /sjuː-/ DJ /suːˈpɪr-/ DJ US /su'pɪrɪɚ/ KK US
adjective
1.better in quality than somebody/something else; greater than somebody/something else （在品質上）更好的；佔優勢；更勝一籌 ~ (to sb/sth)
vastly superior 強得多
superior intelligence/strength/knowledge 更強的智力╱力量；更豐富的知識
This model is technically superior to its competitors. 這一款式在技術上超過了與之競爭的產品。
Liverpool were clearly the superior team. 利物浦隊明顯更勝一籌。
The enemy won because of their superior numbers. 敵人由於兵力佔優勢取得了勝利。
See also: inferior Antonym
2.higher in rank, importance or position （在級別、重要性或職位上）更高的 ~ (to sb)
my superior officer 我的上級軍官
to have superior status 擁有更高的地位
a superior court of law 上級法院
See also: inferior Antonym
3.showing by your behaviour that you think you are better than others 有優越感的；高傲的 disapproving
a superior air/manner/smile 神氣活現的樣子╱態度╱微笑
He always looks so superior. 他總是顯得那麼有優越感。
4.of very good quality; better than other similar things 質量卓越的；出類拔萃的；超群的
superior apartments/wines 質量卓越的套房╱葡萄酒
noun
1.a person of higher rank, status or position 級別（或地位、職位）更高的人；上級；上司
your social superiors 社會地位比自己高的人
He's my immediate superior(= the person directly above me). 他是我的頂頭上司。
I'm going to complain to your superiors. 我要去找你的上級投訴。
See also: inferior Antonym
2.used in titles for the head of a religious community （用作宗教團體領導的頭銜）
英文字典
su·pe·ri·or
1.A person or thing superior to another in rank, status, or quality, esp. a colleague in a higher position
2.The head of a monastery or other religious institution
3.A superior letter, figure, or symbol
attribute
verb
/əˈtrɪbjuːt/ DJ /ə'trɪbjut/ KK
1.to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing 把…歸因於；認為…是由於 ~ sth to sth VN
She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck. 她認為她的成功來自勤勞和一點運氣。
2.to say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something 認為是…所為（或說、寫、作） ~ sth (to sb) VN
The committee refused to attribute blame without further information. 如果沒有進一步的情況，委員會拒絕歸罪於任何人。
This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 人們通常認為這齣戲劇是莎士比亞所寫。
Derivative: attribution noun, uncountable /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃn/ DJ /ˈætrə'bjuʃən/ KK
The attribution of this painting to Rembrandt has never been questioned. 這幅畫是倫勃朗所作從未有人懷疑。
noun
/ˈætrɪbjuːt/ DJ /'ætrəˈbjut/ KK
1.a quality or feature of somebody/something 屬性；性質；特徵
英文字典
at·trib·ute
1.Regard something as being caused by (someone or something)
2.Ascribe a work or remark to (a particular author, artist, or speaker)
3.Regard a quality or feature as characteristic of or possessed by (someone or something)
同義字
verb: ascribe, impute, accredit, refer, credit, attach
noun: quality, property, characteristic, trait, feature, character, attributive
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
The superior cross-presentation activity attributed to DCs relative to other cell-types, such as macrophages and neutrophils, has been attributed to the fact that antigens are generally internalized into phagosomes with an oxidative environment and a nearly neutral pH, which permits only low levels of proteolytic activity.
exemplify /ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ/ DJ /ɪg'zɛmpləˈfaɪ/ KK
verb
Irregular: exemplifies; exemplifying; exemplified; exemplified
1.to be a typical example of something 是…的典型（或典範、榜樣） VN often passive formal
Her early work is exemplified in her book, ‘A Study of Children's Minds’. 她的《兒童思維研究》一書是她早期的代表作。
His food exemplifies Italian cooking at its best. 他的菜肴代表了意大利烹飪的最高峰。
2.to give an example in order to make something clearer 舉例說明；例證；例示 VN often passive formal
She exemplified each of the points she was making with an amusing anecdote. 她的每一個論點都用一個佚聞趣事來說明。
Derivative: exemplification noun, uncountable, countable /ɪɡˌzemplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ DJ /ɪgˈzɛmpləfə'keʃən/ KK
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
In fact, as noted in an earlier section, there is heterogeneity in cross-presenting function among DC subsets, which is exemplified by the CD8a+ subset of splenic DCs in mice. The superior crosspresentation by CD8a+ DCs is not a function of increased Ag uptake but is more likely to be caused by differences in antigen processing.
exploit
verb
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ DJ /ɪk'splɔɪt/ KK
1.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（…為自己謀利） disapproving VN
He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. 他利用他父親的名聲為自己找到一份工作。
She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited. 她意識到自己的年輕和缺乏經驗正受人利用。
2.to treat somebody unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return 剝削；榨取 disapproving VN
What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people? 目前有什麼措施制止雇主剝削年輕人呢？
3.to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possible 運用；利用；發揮 VN
She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. 她在劇中把她那個角色的幽默發揮得淋漓盡致。
4.to develop or use something for business or industry 開發；開採；開拓 ~ sth (for sth) VN
countries exploiting the rainforests for hardwood 為獲取硬木而開發熱帶雨林的國家
No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. 南極洲的礦藏還未開採。
Derivative: exploiter noun, countable
noun
/ˈeksplɔɪt/ DJ /'ɛksplɔɪt/ KK
1.a brave, exciting or interesting act 英勇（或激動人心、引人注目）的行為 usually plural
同義字
verb: use, utilize, operate, milk
noun: feat, deed, achievement
divert /daɪˈvɜːt/ DJ /-ˈvɜːrt/ DJ US /daɪ'vɝt/ KK US
verb
1.to make somebody/something change direction 使轉向；使繞道；轉移 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
Northbound traffic will have to be diverted onto minor roads. 北行車輛將不得不繞次要道路行駛。
2.to use money, materials, etc. for a different purpose from their original purpose 改變（資金、材料等）的用途 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
3.to take somebody's thoughts or attention away from something 轉移（某人）的注意力；使分心 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
See also: distract Synonym
The war diverted people's attention away from the economic situation. 戰爭把民眾的注意力從經濟狀況上移開了。
4.to entertain people 娛樂；供消遣 formal VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
di·vert
1.Cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another
2.(of a vehicle or person) Change course
3.Reallocate (something, esp. money or resources) to a different purpose
propensity /prəˈpensəti/ DJ /prə'pɛnsətɪ/ KK
1.a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour （行為方面的）傾向；習性 noun ~ (for sth) ~ (for doing sth) ~ (to do sth) formal
He showed a propensity for violence. 他表現出暴力傾向。
She has a propensity to exaggerate. 她愛言過其實。
Irregular: -ies plural
pro·pen·si·ty
1.An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
同義字
noun: inclination, tendency, leaning, proclivity, bent, penchant, bias, disposition, liking, taste, predisposition
adjective
1.better in quality than somebody/something else; greater than somebody/something else （在品質上）更好的；佔優勢；更勝一籌 ~ (to sb/sth)
vastly superior 強得多
superior intelligence/strength/knowledge 更強的智力╱力量；更豐富的知識
This model is technically superior to its competitors. 這一款式在技術上超過了與之競爭的產品。
Liverpool were clearly the superior team. 利物浦隊明顯更勝一籌。
The enemy won because of their superior numbers. 敵人由於兵力佔優勢取得了勝利。
See also: inferior Antonym
2.higher in rank, importance or position （在級別、重要性或職位上）更高的 ~ (to sb)
my superior officer 我的上級軍官
to have superior status 擁有更高的地位
a superior court of law 上級法院
See also: inferior Antonym
3.showing by your behaviour that you think you are better than others 有優越感的；高傲的 disapproving
a superior air/manner/smile 神氣活現的樣子╱態度╱微笑
He always looks so superior. 他總是顯得那麼有優越感。
4.of very good quality; better than other similar things 質量卓越的；出類拔萃的；超群的
superior apartments/wines 質量卓越的套房╱葡萄酒
noun
1.a person of higher rank, status or position 級別（或地位、職位）更高的人；上級；上司
your social superiors 社會地位比自己高的人
He's my immediate superior(= the person directly above me). 他是我的頂頭上司。
I'm going to complain to your superiors. 我要去找你的上級投訴。
See also: inferior Antonym
2.used in titles for the head of a religious community （用作宗教團體領導的頭銜）
英文字典
su·pe·ri·or
1.A person or thing superior to another in rank, status, or quality, esp. a colleague in a higher position
2.The head of a monastery or other religious institution
3.A superior letter, figure, or symbol
attribute
verb
/əˈtrɪbjuːt/ DJ /ə'trɪbjut/ KK
1.to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing 把…歸因於；認為…是由於 ~ sth to sth VN
She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck. 她認為她的成功來自勤勞和一點運氣。
2.to say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something 認為是…所為（或說、寫、作） ~ sth (to sb) VN
The committee refused to attribute blame without further information. 如果沒有進一步的情況，委員會拒絕歸罪於任何人。
This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 人們通常認為這齣戲劇是莎士比亞所寫。
Derivative: attribution noun, uncountable /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃn/ DJ /ˈætrə'bjuʃən/ KK
The attribution of this painting to Rembrandt has never been questioned. 這幅畫是倫勃朗所作從未有人懷疑。
noun
/ˈætrɪbjuːt/ DJ /'ætrəˈbjut/ KK
1.a quality or feature of somebody/something 屬性；性質；特徵
英文字典
at·trib·ute
1.Regard something as being caused by (someone or something)
2.Ascribe a work or remark to (a particular author, artist, or speaker)
3.Regard a quality or feature as characteristic of or possessed by (someone or something)
同義字
verb: ascribe, impute, accredit, refer, credit, attach
noun: quality, property, characteristic, trait, feature, character, attributive
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
The superior cross-presentation activity attributed to DCs relative to other cell-types, such as macrophages and neutrophils, has been attributed to the fact that antigens are generally internalized into phagosomes with an oxidative environment and a nearly neutral pH, which permits only low levels of proteolytic activity.
exemplify /ɪɡˈzemplɪfaɪ/ DJ /ɪg'zɛmpləˈfaɪ/ KK
verb
Irregular: exemplifies; exemplifying; exemplified; exemplified
1.to be a typical example of something 是…的典型（或典範、榜樣） VN often passive formal
Her early work is exemplified in her book, ‘A Study of Children's Minds’. 她的《兒童思維研究》一書是她早期的代表作。
His food exemplifies Italian cooking at its best. 他的菜肴代表了意大利烹飪的最高峰。
2.to give an example in order to make something clearer 舉例說明；例證；例示 VN often passive formal
She exemplified each of the points she was making with an amusing anecdote. 她的每一個論點都用一個佚聞趣事來說明。
Derivative: exemplification noun, uncountable, countable /ɪɡˌzemplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ DJ /ɪgˈzɛmpləfə'keʃən/ KK
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
In fact, as noted in an earlier section, there is heterogeneity in cross-presenting function among DC subsets, which is exemplified by the CD8a+ subset of splenic DCs in mice. The superior crosspresentation by CD8a+ DCs is not a function of increased Ag uptake but is more likely to be caused by differences in antigen processing.
exploit
verb
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ DJ /ɪk'splɔɪt/ KK
1.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself 利用（…為自己謀利） disapproving VN
He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. 他利用他父親的名聲為自己找到一份工作。
She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited. 她意識到自己的年輕和缺乏經驗正受人利用。
2.to treat somebody unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return 剝削；榨取 disapproving VN
What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people? 目前有什麼措施制止雇主剝削年輕人呢？
3.to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possible 運用；利用；發揮 VN
She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. 她在劇中把她那個角色的幽默發揮得淋漓盡致。
4.to develop or use something for business or industry 開發；開採；開拓 ~ sth (for sth) VN
countries exploiting the rainforests for hardwood 為獲取硬木而開發熱帶雨林的國家
No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. 南極洲的礦藏還未開採。
Derivative: exploiter noun, countable
noun
/ˈeksplɔɪt/ DJ /'ɛksplɔɪt/ KK
1.a brave, exciting or interesting act 英勇（或激動人心、引人注目）的行為 usually plural
同義字
verb: use, utilize, operate, milk
noun: feat, deed, achievement
divert /daɪˈvɜːt/ DJ /-ˈvɜːrt/ DJ US /daɪ'vɝt/ KK US
verb
1.to make somebody/something change direction 使轉向；使繞道；轉移 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
Northbound traffic will have to be diverted onto minor roads. 北行車輛將不得不繞次要道路行駛。
2.to use money, materials, etc. for a different purpose from their original purpose 改變（資金、材料等）的用途 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
3.to take somebody's thoughts or attention away from something 轉移（某人）的注意力；使分心 VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
See also: distract Synonym
The war diverted people's attention away from the economic situation. 戰爭把民眾的注意力從經濟狀況上移開了。
4.to entertain people 娛樂；供消遣 formal VN ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth)
di·vert
1.Cause (someone or something) to change course or turn from one direction to another
2.(of a vehicle or person) Change course
3.Reallocate (something, esp. money or resources) to a different purpose
propensity /prəˈpensəti/ DJ /prə'pɛnsətɪ/ KK
1.a tendency to a particular kind of behaviour （行為方面的）傾向；習性 noun ~ (for sth) ~ (for doing sth) ~ (to do sth) formal
He showed a propensity for violence. 他表現出暴力傾向。
She has a propensity to exaggerate. 她愛言過其實。
Irregular: -ies plural
pro·pen·si·ty
1.An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
同義字
noun: inclination, tendency, leaning, proclivity, bent, penchant, bias, disposition, liking, taste, predisposition
de novo, in turn, by virtue of,
de novo
phrase
1.【拉】重新
英文字典
de no·vo
1.Starting from the beginning; anew
in turn
1.one after the other in a particular order 依次；輪流；逐個
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們逐一自報姓名。
2.as a result of something in a series of events 相應地；轉而
by virtue of
phrase
1.由於;憑藉
相關詞組
by/in virtue of something
憑藉；依靠；由於；因為
同義字
adverb: with the help of, thanks
phrase
1.【拉】重新
英文字典
de no·vo
1.Starting from the beginning; anew
in turn
1.one after the other in a particular order 依次；輪流；逐個
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們逐一自報姓名。
2.as a result of something in a series of events 相應地；轉而
by virtue of
phrase
1.由於;憑藉
相關詞組
by/in virtue of something
憑藉；依靠；由於；因為
同義字
adverb: with the help of, thanks
coin, prerequisite, requisite, precondition, premise,
coin /kɔɪn/ DJ /kɔɪn/ KK
noun
1.a small flat piece of metal used as money （一枚）硬幣；金屬貨幣 countable
a pound coin 一英鎊的硬幣
See also: money
2.money made of metal （統稱）硬幣 uncountable
notes and coin 紙幣和硬幣
See also: the other side of the coin; two sides of the same coin
verb
1.to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use 創造（新詞語） VN
The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes. 人們創造了 cardboard city 一詞，用來指居住在紙板屋棚裏無家可歸者的居住區。
2.to make coins out of metal （用金屬）鑄幣，造硬幣 VN
Idiom: be coining it (in) British English, informal; be coining money British English, informal
1.to earn a lot of money quickly or easily 暴富；賺大錢；發大財
See also: rake in Synonym
Idiom: to coin a phrase
1.used to show that you are aware that you are using an expression that is not new 套用一句老話；用老話來說
Oh well, no news is good news, to coin a phrase. 噢，常言道，沒有消息就是好消息。
2.used to introduce a well-known expression that you have changed slightly in order to be funny （引出為逗趣而稍加改動的名言）
coin
1.Make (coins) by stamping metal
2.Make (metal) into coins
3.Invent or devise (a new word or phrase)
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Bevan coined the term “cross-priming” to describe the process he observed, and the term cross-presentation has since been adopted to describe this pathway of antigen presentation.
prerequisite /ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt/ DJ /pri'rɛkwəzɪt/ KK
1.something that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done 先決條件；前提；必備條件 noun usually singular ~ (for/of/to sth) formal
See also: precondition Synonym
A degree is an essential prerequisite for employment at this level. 學位是做這級工作必備的先決條件。
See also: requisite
Derivative: prerequisite adjective, only before noun
prerequisite knowledge/skills 必備的知識／技能
英文字典
pre·req·ui·site
1.A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist
同義字
adjective: necessary, needful
noun: precondition, premise
requisite /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ DJ /'rɛkwəzɪt/ KK
adjective
1.necessary for a particular purpose 必需的；必備的；必不可少的 only before noun formal
She lacks the requisite experience for the job. 她缺少做這份工作所必需的經驗。
They were not able to start the meeting until the requisite number of members were present. 出席會議的人要達到規定的人數，他們才可以開會。
noun
1.something that you need for a particular purpose 必需的事物 ~ (for/of sth) formal
toilet requisites(= soap,toothpaste, etc.) 洗漱用品
A university degree has become a requisite for entry into most professions. 大學學位已經成為在大多數行業謀職的必要條件。
See also: prerequisite
英文字典
req·ui·site
1.A thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end
同義字
adjective: necessary, needful, required, indispensable, essential, imperative
noun: requirement, need, want, necessity
precondition /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃn/ DJ /ˈprikən'dɪʃən/ KK
1.something that must happen or exist before something else can exist or be done 先決條件；前提 noun ~ (for/of sth) written
See also: prerequisite Synonym
同義字
noun: prerequisite, premise
premise /ˈpremɪs/ DJ /'prɛmɪs/ KK
1.a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定 noun formal
the basic premise of her argument 她的論證的基本前提
a false premise 錯誤的前提
His reasoning is based on the premise that all people are equally capable of good and evil. 他的推理是以人可以為善亦可以為惡為前提的。
Variant: premiss British English, less frequent
prem·ise
1.A previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion
2.An assertion or proposition which forms the basis for a work or theory
相關詞組
major premise
大前提
minor premise
小前提
同義字
noun: prerequisite
noun
1.a small flat piece of metal used as money （一枚）硬幣；金屬貨幣 countable
a pound coin 一英鎊的硬幣
See also: money
2.money made of metal （統稱）硬幣 uncountable
notes and coin 紙幣和硬幣
See also: the other side of the coin; two sides of the same coin
verb
1.to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use 創造（新詞語） VN
The term ‘cardboard city’ was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes. 人們創造了 cardboard city 一詞，用來指居住在紙板屋棚裏無家可歸者的居住區。
2.to make coins out of metal （用金屬）鑄幣，造硬幣 VN
Idiom: be coining it (in) British English, informal; be coining money British English, informal
1.to earn a lot of money quickly or easily 暴富；賺大錢；發大財
See also: rake in Synonym
Idiom: to coin a phrase
1.used to show that you are aware that you are using an expression that is not new 套用一句老話；用老話來說
Oh well, no news is good news, to coin a phrase. 噢，常言道，沒有消息就是好消息。
2.used to introduce a well-known expression that you have changed slightly in order to be funny （引出為逗趣而稍加改動的名言）
coin
1.Make (coins) by stamping metal
2.Make (metal) into coins
3.Invent or devise (a new word or phrase)
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Bevan coined the term “cross-priming” to describe the process he observed, and the term cross-presentation has since been adopted to describe this pathway of antigen presentation.
prerequisite /ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt/ DJ /pri'rɛkwəzɪt/ KK
1.something that must exist or happen before something else can happen or be done 先決條件；前提；必備條件 noun usually singular ~ (for/of/to sth) formal
See also: precondition Synonym
A degree is an essential prerequisite for employment at this level. 學位是做這級工作必備的先決條件。
See also: requisite
Derivative: prerequisite adjective, only before noun
prerequisite knowledge/skills 必備的知識／技能
英文字典
pre·req·ui·site
1.A thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist
同義字
adjective: necessary, needful
noun: precondition, premise
requisite /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ DJ /'rɛkwəzɪt/ KK
adjective
1.necessary for a particular purpose 必需的；必備的；必不可少的 only before noun formal
She lacks the requisite experience for the job. 她缺少做這份工作所必需的經驗。
They were not able to start the meeting until the requisite number of members were present. 出席會議的人要達到規定的人數，他們才可以開會。
noun
1.something that you need for a particular purpose 必需的事物 ~ (for/of sth) formal
toilet requisites(= soap,toothpaste, etc.) 洗漱用品
A university degree has become a requisite for entry into most professions. 大學學位已經成為在大多數行業謀職的必要條件。
See also: prerequisite
英文字典
req·ui·site
1.A thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end
同義字
adjective: necessary, needful, required, indispensable, essential, imperative
noun: requirement, need, want, necessity
precondition /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃn/ DJ /ˈprikən'dɪʃən/ KK
1.something that must happen or exist before something else can exist or be done 先決條件；前提 noun ~ (for/of sth) written
See also: prerequisite Synonym
同義字
noun: prerequisite, premise
premise /ˈpremɪs/ DJ /'prɛmɪs/ KK
1.a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定 noun formal
the basic premise of her argument 她的論證的基本前提
a false premise 錯誤的前提
His reasoning is based on the premise that all people are equally capable of good and evil. 他的推理是以人可以為善亦可以為惡為前提的。
Variant: premiss British English, less frequent
prem·ise
1.A previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion
2.An assertion or proposition which forms the basis for a work or theory
相關詞組
major premise
大前提
minor premise
小前提
同義字
noun: prerequisite
2010年10月20日 星期三
endow, endow with, trim, unlikely, alignment, corollary,
endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/ DJ /ɪn'dau/ KK
1.to give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income （向學校等機構）捐錢，捐贈，資助 verb VN
Phrasal: be endowed with something
1.to naturally have a particular feature, quality, etc. 天生賦有，生來具有（某種特性、品質等）
She was endowed with intelligence and wit. 她天資聰穎。
The stones are believed to be endowed with magical powers. 人們認為這些石頭具有魔力。
See also: well endowed
Phrasal: endow somebody/something with something
1.to believe or imagine that somebody/something has a particular quality 認為…具有某種品質
She had endowed Marcus with the qualities she wanted him to possess. 她認為馬庫斯具有她所期望的品質。
2.to give something to somebody/something 給予；賦予 formal
en·dow
1.Give or bequeath an income or property to (a person or institution)
2.Establish (a college post, annual prize, or project) by donating the funds needed to maintain it
3.Provide with a quality, ability, or asset
endow somebody/something with something
1. 認為…具有某種品質 2. 給予；賦予
同義字
verb: provide, endue, give
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
There is now accumulating evidence that DCs are endowed with a remarkable capacity for diverting acquired antigens into the MHC class I presentation pathway. This pathway, termed cross-presentation, is widely regarded to be of particular importance in generating CTL responses to tumor tissue.
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ DJ /'ʌltəmətlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.in the end; finally 最終；最後；終歸
Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself. 最終你還是得自己拿主意。
A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 不均衡的飲食終將導致疾病。
2.at the most basic and important level 最基本地；根本上
ul·ti·mate·ly
1.Finally; in the end
2.At the most basic level
同義字
adverb: finally, eventually, in the end, lastly, at last, after all, in the long run
trim /trɪm/ DJ /trɪm/ KK
verb
1.to make something neater, smaller, better, etc., by cutting parts from it 修剪；修整 VN
to trim your hair 理髮
to trim a hedge (back) 修剪樹籬
The training budget had been trimmed by £10 000. 培訓預算削減了 1 萬英鎊。 figurative
2.to cut away unnecessary parts from something 切去，割掉，剪下，除去（不必要的部份） ~ sth (off sth) ~ sth (off/away) VN
Trim any excess fat off the meat. 把多餘的肥膘從肉上切掉。
I trimmed two centimetres off the hem of the skirt. 我把裙子的下襬剪短了兩厘米。
3.to decorate something, especially around its edges 裝飾，修飾，點綴（尤指某物的邊緣） usually passive ~ sth (with sth) VN
gloves trimmed with fur 毛皮鑲邊的手套
Idiom: trim your sails
1.to arrange the sails of a boat to suit the wind so that the boat moves faster 隨風揚帆；見風轉舵
2.to reduce your costs 減少開支；削減費用
Phrasal: trim down; trim something↔down
1.to become smaller in size; to make something smaller （使）變小；縮減
By a combination of diet and exercise he's trimmed down from 90 kilos to 70. 通過控制飲食結合運動，他的體重從 90 公斤減到了 70 公斤。
noun
1.an act of cutting a small amount off something, especially hair （尤指毛髮的）修剪 countable usually singular
How much is it for a wash and trim? 洗頭理髮要多少錢？
The hedge needs a trim. 這樹籬得修剪了。
2.material that is used to decorate clothes, furniture, cars, etc., especially along the edges, by being a different colour, etc. （衣服、傢具、汽車等的）飾物，邊飾，裝飾配件 uncountable singular
The car is available with black or red trim(= the colour of the seats). 這款汽車的座椅有黑紅兩種顏色。
a blue jacket with a white trim 鑲有白邊的藍色上衣
Idiom: in (good, etc.) trim British English, informal
1.in good condition or order 狀態良好；健康極佳；井然有序
He keeps in trim by running every day. 他每天跑步保持身體健康。
The team need to get in trim for the coming season. 這個球隊需要為下個賽季做好準備。
adjective
1.of a person 人 looking thin, healthy and attractive 苗條的；修長的；健康優雅的
She has kept very trim. 她的身體保持得很苗條。
a trim figure 修長的身材
unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ DJ /ʌn'laɪklɪ/ KK
adjective
Irregular: unlikelier; unlikeliest
1.not likely to happen; not probable 不大可能發生的 ~ (to do sth) ~ (that…)
The project seemed unlikely to succeed. 這個項目似乎難以成功。
It's most(= very)unlikely that she'll arrive before seven. 她極不可能在七點前到達。
In the unlikely event of a problem arising, please contact the hotel manager. 萬一出現問題，請找旅館經理。
2.not the person, thing or place that you would normally think of or expect 非心目中的；非想像的 only before noun
He seems a most unlikely candidate for the job. 他似乎是最不適合擔任這項工作的人選。
They have built hotels in the most unlikely places. 他們把旅館建在最冷門的地方。
3.difficult to believe 難以相信的；不能信服的 only before noun
She gave me an unlikely explanation for her behaviour. 她對自己行為的解釋很難令我信服。
See also: likely Antonym
Derivative: unlikelihood noun, uncountable /ʌnˈlaɪklihʊd/ DJ /ʌn'laɪklɪˈhud/ KK
Derivative: unlikeliness /-nəs/ DJ /-nəs/ KK
2.neat and well cared for 整齊的；精心照管的；井然有序的
alignment /əˈlaɪnmənt/ DJ /ə'laɪnmənt/ KK
noun
1.arrangement in a straight line 排成直線 uncountable countable
the alignment of the sun, moon and earth at a particular time 太陽、月球和地球在某一時刻的三點一線
A bone in my spine was out of alignment. 我的脊椎骨有一節脫位。
2.political support given to one country or group by another （國家、團體間的）結盟 uncountable countable
corollary /kəˈrɒləri/ DJ /ˈkɔːrəleri/ DJ US /'kɔrəˈlɛrɪ/ KK US /ˈkɑːr-/ DJ US /'kɑr-/ KK US
1.a situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one 必然的結果（或結論） noun ~ (of/to sth) formal technical
Irregular: -ies plural
cor·ol·lar·y
1.A proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved
2.A direct or natural consequence or result
同義字
noun: consequence, conclusion, inference
1.to give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income （向學校等機構）捐錢，捐贈，資助 verb VN
Phrasal: be endowed with something
1.to naturally have a particular feature, quality, etc. 天生賦有，生來具有（某種特性、品質等）
She was endowed with intelligence and wit. 她天資聰穎。
The stones are believed to be endowed with magical powers. 人們認為這些石頭具有魔力。
See also: well endowed
Phrasal: endow somebody/something with something
1.to believe or imagine that somebody/something has a particular quality 認為…具有某種品質
She had endowed Marcus with the qualities she wanted him to possess. 她認為馬庫斯具有她所期望的品質。
2.to give something to somebody/something 給予；賦予 formal
en·dow
1.Give or bequeath an income or property to (a person or institution)
2.Establish (a college post, annual prize, or project) by donating the funds needed to maintain it
3.Provide with a quality, ability, or asset
endow somebody/something with something
1. 認為…具有某種品質 2. 給予；賦予
同義字
verb: provide, endue, give
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
There is now accumulating evidence that DCs are endowed with a remarkable capacity for diverting acquired antigens into the MHC class I presentation pathway. This pathway, termed cross-presentation, is widely regarded to be of particular importance in generating CTL responses to tumor tissue.
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ DJ /'ʌltəmətlɪ/ KK
adverb
1.in the end; finally 最終；最後；終歸
Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself. 最終你還是得自己拿主意。
A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 不均衡的飲食終將導致疾病。
2.at the most basic and important level 最基本地；根本上
ul·ti·mate·ly
1.Finally; in the end
2.At the most basic level
同義字
adverb: finally, eventually, in the end, lastly, at last, after all, in the long run
trim /trɪm/ DJ /trɪm/ KK
verb
1.to make something neater, smaller, better, etc., by cutting parts from it 修剪；修整 VN
to trim your hair 理髮
to trim a hedge (back) 修剪樹籬
The training budget had been trimmed by £10 000. 培訓預算削減了 1 萬英鎊。 figurative
2.to cut away unnecessary parts from something 切去，割掉，剪下，除去（不必要的部份） ~ sth (off sth) ~ sth (off/away) VN
Trim any excess fat off the meat. 把多餘的肥膘從肉上切掉。
I trimmed two centimetres off the hem of the skirt. 我把裙子的下襬剪短了兩厘米。
3.to decorate something, especially around its edges 裝飾，修飾，點綴（尤指某物的邊緣） usually passive ~ sth (with sth) VN
gloves trimmed with fur 毛皮鑲邊的手套
Idiom: trim your sails
1.to arrange the sails of a boat to suit the wind so that the boat moves faster 隨風揚帆；見風轉舵
2.to reduce your costs 減少開支；削減費用
Phrasal: trim down; trim something↔down
1.to become smaller in size; to make something smaller （使）變小；縮減
By a combination of diet and exercise he's trimmed down from 90 kilos to 70. 通過控制飲食結合運動，他的體重從 90 公斤減到了 70 公斤。
noun
1.an act of cutting a small amount off something, especially hair （尤指毛髮的）修剪 countable usually singular
How much is it for a wash and trim? 洗頭理髮要多少錢？
The hedge needs a trim. 這樹籬得修剪了。
2.material that is used to decorate clothes, furniture, cars, etc., especially along the edges, by being a different colour, etc. （衣服、傢具、汽車等的）飾物，邊飾，裝飾配件 uncountable singular
The car is available with black or red trim(= the colour of the seats). 這款汽車的座椅有黑紅兩種顏色。
a blue jacket with a white trim 鑲有白邊的藍色上衣
Idiom: in (good, etc.) trim British English, informal
1.in good condition or order 狀態良好；健康極佳；井然有序
He keeps in trim by running every day. 他每天跑步保持身體健康。
The team need to get in trim for the coming season. 這個球隊需要為下個賽季做好準備。
adjective
1.of a person 人 looking thin, healthy and attractive 苗條的；修長的；健康優雅的
She has kept very trim. 她的身體保持得很苗條。
a trim figure 修長的身材
unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ DJ /ʌn'laɪklɪ/ KK
adjective
Irregular: unlikelier; unlikeliest
1.not likely to happen; not probable 不大可能發生的 ~ (to do sth) ~ (that…)
The project seemed unlikely to succeed. 這個項目似乎難以成功。
It's most(= very)unlikely that she'll arrive before seven. 她極不可能在七點前到達。
In the unlikely event of a problem arising, please contact the hotel manager. 萬一出現問題，請找旅館經理。
2.not the person, thing or place that you would normally think of or expect 非心目中的；非想像的 only before noun
He seems a most unlikely candidate for the job. 他似乎是最不適合擔任這項工作的人選。
They have built hotels in the most unlikely places. 他們把旅館建在最冷門的地方。
3.difficult to believe 難以相信的；不能信服的 only before noun
She gave me an unlikely explanation for her behaviour. 她對自己行為的解釋很難令我信服。
See also: likely Antonym
Derivative: unlikelihood noun, uncountable /ʌnˈlaɪklihʊd/ DJ /ʌn'laɪklɪˈhud/ KK
Derivative: unlikeliness /-nəs/ DJ /-nəs/ KK
2.neat and well cared for 整齊的；精心照管的；井然有序的
alignment /əˈlaɪnmənt/ DJ /ə'laɪnmənt/ KK
noun
1.arrangement in a straight line 排成直線 uncountable countable
the alignment of the sun, moon and earth at a particular time 太陽、月球和地球在某一時刻的三點一線
A bone in my spine was out of alignment. 我的脊椎骨有一節脫位。
2.political support given to one country or group by another （國家、團體間的）結盟 uncountable countable
corollary /kəˈrɒləri/ DJ /ˈkɔːrəleri/ DJ US /'kɔrəˈlɛrɪ/ KK US /ˈkɑːr-/ DJ US /'kɑr-/ KK US
1.a situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one 必然的結果（或結論） noun ~ (of/to sth) formal technical
Irregular: -ies plural
cor·ol·lar·y
1.A proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved
2.A direct or natural consequence or result
同義字
noun: consequence, conclusion, inference
nevertheles, inability, fashion, in (a) fashion, idiom, problematic,
nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ DJ /-vərðə-/ DJ US /ˈnɛvɚðə'lɛs/ KK US
1.in spite of something that you have just mentioned 儘管如此；不過；然而
nev·er·the·less
1.In spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Necrosis, on the other hand, is characterized by the rupture of the cell membrane as a result of swelling of the cytoplasm (oncosis). This leads to the release of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, HSPs, and high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1, all factors that favor DC activation and therefore provide an environment in which antitumor T cell responses can be activated. Nevertheless, the difference in immunological outcome attributed to apoptotic versus necrotic cell death may be less clear-cut.
inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/ DJ /ˈɪnə'bɪlətɪ/ KK
1.the fact of not being able to do something 無能；無力；不能 noun uncountable singular ~ (to do sth)
the government's inability to provide basic services 政府在提供基本服務方面的無能
Some families go without medical treatment because of their inability to pay. 有些家庭因無力支付醫療費用而得不到醫治。
See also: ability Antonym
in·a·bil·i·ty
1.The state of being unable to do something
同義字
noun: incapability, incapacity, disability, incompetence, inaptitude, inefficiency, impotence, unfitness, impotency
fashion /ˈfæʃn/ DJ /'fæʃən/ KK
noun
1.a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a particular time or place; the state of being popular （衣服、髮式等的）流行款式，時興式樣 uncountable countable
dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入時
the new season's fashions 新季度的流行款式
Long skirts have come into fashion again. 長裙又時興起來了。
Jeans are still in fashion. 牛仔褲仍然流行。
Some styles never go out of fashion. 有些款式永遠不會過時。
2.a popular way of behaving, doing an activity, etc. （行為、活動等的）時尚，時興 countable
The fashion at the time was for teaching mainly the written language. 那時教學時興的主要是書面語。
Fashions in art and literature come and go. 文藝的潮流總是曇花一現。
3.the business of making or selling clothes in new and different styles 時裝業 uncountable
a fashion designer/magazine/show 時裝設計師／雜誌／表演
the world of fashion 時裝界
the fashion industry 時裝業
Idiom: after a fashion
1.to some extent, but not very well 還過得去；還算可以
I can play the piano, after a fashion. 我能彈鋼琴，不過馬馬虎虎。
Idiom: after the fashion of somebody/something formal
1.in the style of somebody/something 模仿…的式樣；像…的風格
The new library is very much after the fashion of Nash. 這座新圖書館很像納什的風格。
Idiom: in (a)… fashion formal
1.in a particular way 以…方式
How could they behave in such a fashion? 他們的態度怎麼會這樣呢？
She was proved right, in dramatic fashion, when the whole department resigned. 整個部門的人都辭了職，這惹人注目的事證明她是對的。
Idiom: like it's going out of fashion spoken
1.used to emphasize that somebody is doing something or using something a lot 做得很多；大量使用；大肆花費
She's been spending money like it's going out of fashion. 她花錢一直大手大腳。
See also: parrot-fashion
verb
1.to make or shape something, especially with your hands （尤指用手工）製作，使成形，塑造 VN ~ A (from/out of B) ~ B (into A)
ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Also, blocking the interaction between DCs and phophatidylserine in vitro and in vivo using a dominant negative form of MFGE8 was shown to enhance protective immunity of a GM-CSF-expressing cancer cell vaccine in mice. In a similar fashion, blocking Mer, the receptor mediating phophatidylserine binding through the bridging molecules Gas6 or protein S, abolished the suppressive effect of apoptotic cells and enhanced diabetes in a mouse model.
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ DJ /'ɪdɪəm/ KK
noun
1.a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words 習語；成語；慣用語 countable
‘Let the cat out of the bag’ is an idiom meaning to tell a secret by mistake. “讓貓從袋子裏跑出來”是慣用語，意思是無意中泄露秘密。
2.the kind of language and grammar used by particular people at a particular time or place （某時期或某地區的人的）語言和語法 uncountable countable formal
3.the style of writing, music, art, etc. that is typical of a particular person, group, period or place （寫作、音樂、藝術等的）典型風格 uncountable countable formal
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ DJ /rɪ'zɛmbḷ/ KK
1.to look like or be similar to another person or thing 看起來像；顯得像；像 verb VN no passive
re·sem·ble
1.Have qualities or features, esp. those of appearance, in common with (someone or something); look or seem like
同義字
verb: take after, look like, be like
problematic /ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk/ DJ /ˌprɑːb-/ DJ US /ˈprɑblə'mætɪk/ KK US
1.difficult to deal with or to understand; full of problems; not certain to be successful 造成困難的；產生問題的 adjective
Providing the necessary care for elderly people can be problematic. 給老年人必要的照顧可能是很麻煩的事。
See also: unproblematic Antonym
Variant: problematical less frequent /-ɪkl/ DJ /-ɪkḷ/ KK
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Presentation of acquired antigens on MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells is more problematic, because the classical MHC class I presentation pathway has been regarded as a means to present only antigens expressed within the cell, rather than those acquired from an exogenous source.
1.in spite of something that you have just mentioned 儘管如此；不過；然而
nev·er·the·less
1.In spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Necrosis, on the other hand, is characterized by the rupture of the cell membrane as a result of swelling of the cytoplasm (oncosis). This leads to the release of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, HSPs, and high-mobility group box (HMGB)-1, all factors that favor DC activation and therefore provide an environment in which antitumor T cell responses can be activated. Nevertheless, the difference in immunological outcome attributed to apoptotic versus necrotic cell death may be less clear-cut.
inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/ DJ /ˈɪnə'bɪlətɪ/ KK
1.the fact of not being able to do something 無能；無力；不能 noun uncountable singular ~ (to do sth)
the government's inability to provide basic services 政府在提供基本服務方面的無能
Some families go without medical treatment because of their inability to pay. 有些家庭因無力支付醫療費用而得不到醫治。
See also: ability Antonym
in·a·bil·i·ty
1.The state of being unable to do something
同義字
noun: incapability, incapacity, disability, incompetence, inaptitude, inefficiency, impotence, unfitness, impotency
fashion /ˈfæʃn/ DJ /'fæʃən/ KK
noun
1.a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a particular time or place; the state of being popular （衣服、髮式等的）流行款式，時興式樣 uncountable countable
dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入時
the new season's fashions 新季度的流行款式
Long skirts have come into fashion again. 長裙又時興起來了。
Jeans are still in fashion. 牛仔褲仍然流行。
Some styles never go out of fashion. 有些款式永遠不會過時。
2.a popular way of behaving, doing an activity, etc. （行為、活動等的）時尚，時興 countable
The fashion at the time was for teaching mainly the written language. 那時教學時興的主要是書面語。
Fashions in art and literature come and go. 文藝的潮流總是曇花一現。
3.the business of making or selling clothes in new and different styles 時裝業 uncountable
a fashion designer/magazine/show 時裝設計師／雜誌／表演
the world of fashion 時裝界
the fashion industry 時裝業
Idiom: after a fashion
1.to some extent, but not very well 還過得去；還算可以
I can play the piano, after a fashion. 我能彈鋼琴，不過馬馬虎虎。
Idiom: after the fashion of somebody/something formal
1.in the style of somebody/something 模仿…的式樣；像…的風格
The new library is very much after the fashion of Nash. 這座新圖書館很像納什的風格。
Idiom: in (a)… fashion formal
1.in a particular way 以…方式
How could they behave in such a fashion? 他們的態度怎麼會這樣呢？
She was proved right, in dramatic fashion, when the whole department resigned. 整個部門的人都辭了職，這惹人注目的事證明她是對的。
Idiom: like it's going out of fashion spoken
1.used to emphasize that somebody is doing something or using something a lot 做得很多；大量使用；大肆花費
She's been spending money like it's going out of fashion. 她花錢一直大手大腳。
See also: parrot-fashion
verb
1.to make or shape something, especially with your hands （尤指用手工）製作，使成形，塑造 VN ~ A (from/out of B) ~ B (into A)
ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Also, blocking the interaction between DCs and phophatidylserine in vitro and in vivo using a dominant negative form of MFGE8 was shown to enhance protective immunity of a GM-CSF-expressing cancer cell vaccine in mice. In a similar fashion, blocking Mer, the receptor mediating phophatidylserine binding through the bridging molecules Gas6 or protein S, abolished the suppressive effect of apoptotic cells and enhanced diabetes in a mouse model.
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ DJ /'ɪdɪəm/ KK
noun
1.a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words 習語；成語；慣用語 countable
‘Let the cat out of the bag’ is an idiom meaning to tell a secret by mistake. “讓貓從袋子裏跑出來”是慣用語，意思是無意中泄露秘密。
2.the kind of language and grammar used by particular people at a particular time or place （某時期或某地區的人的）語言和語法 uncountable countable formal
3.the style of writing, music, art, etc. that is typical of a particular person, group, period or place （寫作、音樂、藝術等的）典型風格 uncountable countable formal
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ DJ /rɪ'zɛmbḷ/ KK
1.to look like or be similar to another person or thing 看起來像；顯得像；像 verb VN no passive
re·sem·ble
1.Have qualities or features, esp. those of appearance, in common with (someone or something); look or seem like
同義字
verb: take after, look like, be like
problematic /ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk/ DJ /ˌprɑːb-/ DJ US /ˈprɑblə'mætɪk/ KK US
1.difficult to deal with or to understand; full of problems; not certain to be successful 造成困難的；產生問題的 adjective
Providing the necessary care for elderly people can be problematic. 給老年人必要的照顧可能是很麻煩的事。
See also: unproblematic Antonym
Variant: problematical less frequent /-ɪkl/ DJ /-ɪkḷ/ KK
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Presentation of acquired antigens on MHC class I molecules to CD8+ T cells is more problematic, because the classical MHC class I presentation pathway has been regarded as a means to present only antigens expressed within the cell, rather than those acquired from an exogenous source.
nibble, circumstance, refractory, rupture,
nibble /ˈnɪbl/ DJ /'nɪbḷ/ KK
verb
1.to take small bites of something, especially food 小口咬，一點點地咬（食物） ~ (at sth)
We sat drinking wine and nibbling olives. 我們坐在那兒，喝着葡萄酒嚼着橄欖。 VN
He nibbled her ear playfully. 他開玩笑地輕咬着她的耳朵。
She took some cake from the tray and nibbled at it. 她從盤子裏拿了塊蛋糕慢慢地吃着。 V
2.to show a slight interest in an offer, idea, etc. （對…）略微表現出興趣 V ~ (at sth)
He nibbled at the idea, but would not make a definite decision. 他對這個主意略感興趣，但還不願意作出明確決定。
Phrasal: nibble away at something
1.to take away small amounts of something, so that the total amount is gradually reduced 慢慢地削弱；蠶食
Inflation is nibbling away at spending power. 通貨膨脹正在慢慢地減弱消費能力。
noun
1.a small bite of something 一小口 countable
I took a nibble from the biscuit. 我咬了一小口餅乾。
2.small things to eat with a drink before a meal or at a party （餐前或聚會中的）點心，小吃 plural
wine and nibbles 葡萄酒和點心
Alternate: nibbles
circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ DJ /-stɑːns/ DJ /-stæns/ DJ /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/ DJ US /'sɝkəmˈstæns/ KK US
noun
1.the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action 條件；環境；狀況 countable usually plural
The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定條件下取消這項協議的權利。
changing social and political circumstances 正在變化的社會和政治環境
I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道我在任何情況下都能信任她。
Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy's death. 警方說關於男孩死亡一事沒有發現可疑的情況。
The ship sank in mysterious circumstances. 那艘船神秘地沉沒了。
She never discovered the true circumstances of her birth. 她從未弄清她身世的真相。
2.the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have 境況；境遇；（尤指）經濟狀況 plural
Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances. 補助金根據經濟狀況發給。
family/domestic/personal circumstances 家庭╱個人經濟狀況
Alternate: circumstances
3.situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control 命運；客觀環境 uncountable formal
a victim of circumstance(= a person who has suffered because of a situation that they cannot control) 客觀環境的犧牲品
He had to leave the country through force of circumstance(= events or the situation made it necessary). 為環境所逼，他不得不離開這個國家。
Idiom: in/under the circumstances
1.used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement 在這種情況下；既然如此
Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在這種情況下，不告訴他有關這次事故的情況似乎更好。
She did the job very well in the circumstances. 她在那種情況下仍把工作幹得很出色。
Idiom: in/under no circumstances
1.used to emphasize that something should never happen or be allowed 決不；無論如何不
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 你無論如何都不能借錢給保羅。
Don't open the door, in any circumstances. 在任何情況下都不要開門。
See also: pomp and circumstance; reduced circumstances
refractory /rɪˈfræktəri/ DJ /rɪ'fræktərɪ/ KK
adjective
1.of a person 人 difficult to control; behaving badly 難以駕馭的；行為乖戾的 formal
2.of a disease or medical condition 疾病或體格狀況 difficult to treat or cure 難以診治的；難以治瘉的 medical
rupture /ˈrʌptʃə(r)/ DJ /'rʌptʃɚ/ KK
noun
1.an injury in which something inside the body breaks apart or bursts （體內組織等的）斷裂，破裂 medical countable uncountable
the rupture of a blood vessel 血管破裂
2.a situation when something breaks or bursts 斷裂；爆裂 countable uncountable
ruptures of oil and water pipelines 石油和輸水管道的爆裂
3.a hernia of the abdomen 疝氣 informal countable uncountable
I nearly gave myself a rupture lifting that pile of books. 提那一大堆書差點兒讓我得了疝氣。
4.the ending of agreement or of good relations between people, countries, etc. （關係的）破裂，決裂；絕交 formal countable uncountable
a rupture in relations between the two countries 兩國關係的破裂
Nothing could heal the rupture with his father. 沒有什麼可以彌合他和父親之間的裂痕。
verb
1.to burst or break apart something inside the body; to be broken or burst apart （使體內組織等）斷裂，裂開，破裂 medical
a ruptured appendix/spleen/artery 闌尾穿孔；脾／動脈破裂 VN
He ruptured himself(= got a hernia)trying to lift the piano. 他試着搬動鋼琴，發了疝氣。
2.to make something such as a container or a pipe break or burst; to be broken or burst （使容器或管道等）斷裂，破裂
The impact ruptured both fuel tanks. 衝撞使兩個燃料箱都爆裂了。 VN
A pipe ruptured, leaking water all over the house. 一根水管斷裂，漏了滿屋子的水。 V
3.to make an agreement or good relations between people or countries end 使（友好關係）破裂；使絕交；毀掉（協議） VN written
ex: Necrosis is charaterized by the rupture of cell membrane as a result of swelling of the cytoplasm (oncosis).
verb
1.to take small bites of something, especially food 小口咬，一點點地咬（食物） ~ (at sth)
We sat drinking wine and nibbling olives. 我們坐在那兒，喝着葡萄酒嚼着橄欖。 VN
He nibbled her ear playfully. 他開玩笑地輕咬着她的耳朵。
She took some cake from the tray and nibbled at it. 她從盤子裏拿了塊蛋糕慢慢地吃着。 V
2.to show a slight interest in an offer, idea, etc. （對…）略微表現出興趣 V ~ (at sth)
He nibbled at the idea, but would not make a definite decision. 他對這個主意略感興趣，但還不願意作出明確決定。
Phrasal: nibble away at something
1.to take away small amounts of something, so that the total amount is gradually reduced 慢慢地削弱；蠶食
Inflation is nibbling away at spending power. 通貨膨脹正在慢慢地減弱消費能力。
noun
1.a small bite of something 一小口 countable
I took a nibble from the biscuit. 我咬了一小口餅乾。
2.small things to eat with a drink before a meal or at a party （餐前或聚會中的）點心，小吃 plural
wine and nibbles 葡萄酒和點心
Alternate: nibbles
circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ DJ /-stɑːns/ DJ /-stæns/ DJ /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/ DJ US /'sɝkəmˈstæns/ KK US
noun
1.the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action 條件；環境；狀況 countable usually plural
The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定條件下取消這項協議的權利。
changing social and political circumstances 正在變化的社會和政治環境
I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道我在任何情況下都能信任她。
Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy's death. 警方說關於男孩死亡一事沒有發現可疑的情況。
The ship sank in mysterious circumstances. 那艘船神秘地沉沒了。
She never discovered the true circumstances of her birth. 她從未弄清她身世的真相。
2.the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have 境況；境遇；（尤指）經濟狀況 plural
Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances. 補助金根據經濟狀況發給。
family/domestic/personal circumstances 家庭╱個人經濟狀況
Alternate: circumstances
3.situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control 命運；客觀環境 uncountable formal
a victim of circumstance(= a person who has suffered because of a situation that they cannot control) 客觀環境的犧牲品
He had to leave the country through force of circumstance(= events or the situation made it necessary). 為環境所逼，他不得不離開這個國家。
Idiom: in/under the circumstances
1.used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement 在這種情況下；既然如此
Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在這種情況下，不告訴他有關這次事故的情況似乎更好。
She did the job very well in the circumstances. 她在那種情況下仍把工作幹得很出色。
Idiom: in/under no circumstances
1.used to emphasize that something should never happen or be allowed 決不；無論如何不
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 你無論如何都不能借錢給保羅。
Don't open the door, in any circumstances. 在任何情況下都不要開門。
See also: pomp and circumstance; reduced circumstances
refractory /rɪˈfræktəri/ DJ /rɪ'fræktərɪ/ KK
adjective
1.of a person 人 difficult to control; behaving badly 難以駕馭的；行為乖戾的 formal
2.of a disease or medical condition 疾病或體格狀況 difficult to treat or cure 難以診治的；難以治瘉的 medical
rupture /ˈrʌptʃə(r)/ DJ /'rʌptʃɚ/ KK
noun
1.an injury in which something inside the body breaks apart or bursts （體內組織等的）斷裂，破裂 medical countable uncountable
the rupture of a blood vessel 血管破裂
2.a situation when something breaks or bursts 斷裂；爆裂 countable uncountable
ruptures of oil and water pipelines 石油和輸水管道的爆裂
3.a hernia of the abdomen 疝氣 informal countable uncountable
I nearly gave myself a rupture lifting that pile of books. 提那一大堆書差點兒讓我得了疝氣。
4.the ending of agreement or of good relations between people, countries, etc. （關係的）破裂，決裂；絕交 formal countable uncountable
a rupture in relations between the two countries 兩國關係的破裂
Nothing could heal the rupture with his father. 沒有什麼可以彌合他和父親之間的裂痕。
verb
1.to burst or break apart something inside the body; to be broken or burst apart （使體內組織等）斷裂，裂開，破裂 medical
a ruptured appendix/spleen/artery 闌尾穿孔；脾／動脈破裂 VN
He ruptured himself(= got a hernia)trying to lift the piano. 他試着搬動鋼琴，發了疝氣。
2.to make something such as a container or a pipe break or burst; to be broken or burst （使容器或管道等）斷裂，破裂
The impact ruptured both fuel tanks. 衝撞使兩個燃料箱都爆裂了。 VN
A pipe ruptured, leaking water all over the house. 一根水管斷裂，漏了滿屋子的水。 V
3.to make an agreement or good relations between people or countries end 使（友好關係）破裂；使絕交；毀掉（協議） VN written
ex: Necrosis is charaterized by the rupture of cell membrane as a result of swelling of the cytoplasm (oncosis).
highlight, subvert, discount,
highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ DJ /'haɪˈlaɪt/ KK
- verb
- to emphasize something, especially so that people give it more attention 突出；強調 VN
- to mark part of a text with a special coloured pen, or to mark an area on a computer screen, to emphasize it or make it easier to see 將（文本的某部份）用彩筆做標記；將（計算機屏幕的某區域）增強亮度；使醒目 VN
- to make some parts of your hair a lighter colour than the rest by using a chemical substance on them 挑染（將部份頭髮染成淺色） VN
- noun
- the best, most interesting or most exciting part of something 最好（或最精彩、最激動人心）的部份
- areas of hair that are lighter than the rest, usually because a chemical substance has been put on them 挑染的頭髮 plural
- Alternate:highlights
- the light or bright part of a picture or photograph （圖畫或照片的）強光部份 plural technical
Pick out and emphasize
Make visually prominent
Mark with a highlighter
subvert /səbˈvɜːt/ DJ /-ˈvɜːrt/ DJ US /səb'vɝt/ KK US
- verb
- to try to destroy the authority of a political, religious, etc. system by attacking it secretly or indirectly 顛覆；暗中破壞 VN V formal
- See also:undermine Synonym
- to try to destroy a person's beliefs or loyalties 使背叛；使變節；策反 VN formal
- See also:undermine Synonym
- Derivative:subversion noun, uncountable /səbˈvɜːʃn/ DJ /-ˈvɜːrʒn/ DJ, US /səb'vɝʒən/ KK, US
discount /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ DJ /'dɪskaunt/ KK
1.an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of something 折扣 countable uncountable
See also: reduction Synonym
to get/give/offer a discount 得到／給予／提供折扣
discount rates/prices 貼現率；折扣價
a 10% discount 九折
They were selling everything at a discount(= at reduced prices). 他們銷售的所有商品都打折。
a discount shop(= one that regularly sells goods at reduced prices) 打折商店
Do you give any discount? 你們打折嗎？
verb
/dɪsˈkaʊnt/ DJ /dɪs'kaunt/ KK /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ DJ, American English /'dɪskaunt/ KK, American English
1.to think or say that something is not important or not true 認為…不重要；對…不全信；低估 ~ sth (as sth) formal VN
We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes. 我們不能低估再次發生罷工的可能性。
The news reports were being discounted as propaganda. 人們認為這些新聞報道不過是為了宣傳，不可全信。
2.to take an amount of money off the usual cost of something; to sell something at a discount 打折扣；打折出售 VN
space cadet, cope with
space cadet
phrase
1.【俚】幼稚,愚昧,行為古怪的人
space ca·det
1.A trainee astronaut
2.An enthusiast for space travel, typically a young person
3.A person perceived as out of touch with reality, as though high on drugs
cope with
phrase
1.對付;處理
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Tumors are likely to contain mixtures of cells undergoing apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, which may reflect the tumor’s inability to cope with ongoing stress.
phrase
1.【俚】幼稚,愚昧,行為古怪的人
space ca·det
1.A trainee astronaut
2.An enthusiast for space travel, typically a young person
3.A person perceived as out of touch with reality, as though high on drugs
cope with
phrase
1.對付;處理
Ref: Critical Reviews in Immunology. 30(4):340-386 (2010)
Tumors are likely to contain mixtures of cells undergoing apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, which may reflect the tumor’s inability to cope with ongoing stress.
2010年10月19日 星期二
cohort, apocalypse
cohort /ˈkəʊhɔːt/ DJ /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/ DJ US /'kohɔrt/ KK US
- noun
- a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour （有共同特點或舉止類同的）一群人，一批人 technical C + sing./pl. verb
- a member of a group of people who support another person 同夥；支持者
-
- co·hort
- An ancient Roman military unit, comprising six centuries, equal to one tenth of a legion
- A group of people banded together or treated as a group
- A group of people with a common statistical characteristics
apocalypse /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ DJ /əˈpɑːk-/ DJ US /ə'pɑkəˈlɪps/ KK US
- noun
- the destruction of the world 世界毀滅 singular uncountable
- the end of the world, as described in the Bible （《聖經》所述的）末世 singular
- Alternate:the Apocalypse
-
- a situation causing very serious damage and destruction 大動亂；大災變 singular
-
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