dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn/ DJ /-sərˈt-/ DJ US /ˈdɪsɚ'teʃən/ KK US
1.a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree 專題論文；學位論文 noun ~ (on sth)
academic dissertation 學位論文
noun: thesis, treatise, discourse, disquisition
2010年8月30日 星期一
Nonetheless, discretionary
nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈles/ DJ /ˈnʌnðə'lɛs/ KK
1.in spite of this fact 儘管如此 adverb written
See also: nevertheless Synonym
The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. 這本書太長，但是很有知識性和趣味性。
The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon. 問題不嚴重。不過我們還是需要儘快處理。
Alternate: none the less also
none·the·less
1.In spite of that; nevertheless
同義字: adverb: nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, yet, though
來源：google字典
whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ DJ /ˌwer-/ DJ US /ˈwɛr'æz/ KK US
conjunction
1.used to compare or contrast two facts （用以比較或對比兩個事實）然而，但是，儘管
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究結果令人滿意，然而其他的則不然。
2.used at the beginning of a sentence in an official document to mean ‘because of the fact that…’ （用於正式文件中句子的開頭）鑒於 law
whereas
1.In contrast or comparison with the fact that
2.(esp. in legal preambles) Taking into consideration the fact that
discretionary /dɪˈskreʃənəri/ DJ /-neri/ DJ US /dɪ'skrɛʃəˈnɛrɪ/ KK US
1.decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation; not decided by rules 自由決定的；酌情行事的；便宜行事的 adjective
1.in spite of this fact 儘管如此 adverb written
See also: nevertheless Synonym
The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. 這本書太長，但是很有知識性和趣味性。
The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon. 問題不嚴重。不過我們還是需要儘快處理。
Alternate: none the less also
none·the·less
1.In spite of that; nevertheless
同義字: adverb: nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, yet, though
來源：google字典
whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ DJ /ˌwer-/ DJ US /ˈwɛr'æz/ KK US
conjunction
1.used to compare or contrast two facts （用以比較或對比兩個事實）然而，但是，儘管
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究結果令人滿意，然而其他的則不然。
2.used at the beginning of a sentence in an official document to mean ‘because of the fact that…’ （用於正式文件中句子的開頭）鑒於 law
whereas
1.In contrast or comparison with the fact that
2.(esp. in legal preambles) Taking into consideration the fact that
discretionary /dɪˈskreʃənəri/ DJ /-neri/ DJ US /dɪ'skrɛʃəˈnɛrɪ/ KK US
1.decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation; not decided by rules 自由決定的；酌情行事的；便宜行事的 adjective
Restrain, Render
restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/ DJ /rɪ'stren/ KK
verb
1.to stop somebody/something from doing something, especially by using physical force （尤指用武力）制止，阻止，管制 ~ sb/sth (from sth/from doing sth) VN
The prisoner had to be restrained by the police. 警方只好強行制住囚犯。
I had to restrain her from hitting out at passers-by. 我必須阻止她打着路人。
They have obtained an injunction restraining the company from selling the product. 他們已經得到阻止這家公司出售這一產品的禁銷令。
Morse placed a restraining hand on Lewis's arm. 莫爾斯拉住劉易斯的胳膊，制止了他。
2.to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing something that you would like to do 約束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住 ~ yourself (from sth/from doing sth) VN
John managed to restrain his anger. 約翰努力壓制住自己的怒氣。
She had to restrain herself from crying out in pain. 她只得忍住疼痛，不哭出來。
3.to stop something that is growing or increasing from becoming too large 抑制；控制 VN
來源：google 字典
render /ˈrendə(r)/ DJ /'rɛndɚ/ KK
verb
1.to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition 使成為；使變得；使處於某狀態 VN-ADJ formal
to render something harmless/useless/ineffective 使某事物無害／無用／無效
Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. 成百上千的人因為地震而無家可歸。
2.to give somebody something, especially in return for something or because it is expected 給予；提供；回報 ~ sth (to sb/sth) ~ (sb) sth formal
to render a service to somebody 給某人提供服務 VNN VN
to render somebody a service 為某人服務
They rendered assistance to the disaster victims. 他們給災民提供了援助。 VN
It was payment for services rendered. 這是服務酬金。
3.to present something, especially when it is done officially 遞交；呈獻；提交 VN formal
The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. 要求委員會提交一份有關住房情況的報告。
4.to express or perform something 表達；表演；演示 VN formal
He stood up and rendered a beautiful version of ‘Summertime’. 他站起來表演了一段優美的《夏日時光》。
The artist has rendered the stormy sea in dark greens and browns. 畫家用了深綠色和棕色來表現波濤洶湧的大海。
5.to express something in a different language; to translate （用其他語言）表達；翻譯；把…譯成 VN ~ sth (as sth) ~ sth (into sth)
The Italian phrase can be rendered as ‘I did my best’. 這個意大利語的短語可以譯為“我盡力了”。
It's a concept that is difficult to render into English. 這個概念難以用英語來表達。
6.to cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement 粉刷；給（牆壁）抹灰 VN British English technical
a rendered building/wall 經過粉刷的大樓／牆壁
7.to make fat liquid by heating it; to melt something 將（脂肪）熬成油；熔化 VN ~ sth (down)
來源：google 字典
verb
1.to stop somebody/something from doing something, especially by using physical force （尤指用武力）制止，阻止，管制 ~ sb/sth (from sth/from doing sth) VN
The prisoner had to be restrained by the police. 警方只好強行制住囚犯。
I had to restrain her from hitting out at passers-by. 我必須阻止她打着路人。
They have obtained an injunction restraining the company from selling the product. 他們已經得到阻止這家公司出售這一產品的禁銷令。
Morse placed a restraining hand on Lewis's arm. 莫爾斯拉住劉易斯的胳膊，制止了他。
2.to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing something that you would like to do 約束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住 ~ yourself (from sth/from doing sth) VN
John managed to restrain his anger. 約翰努力壓制住自己的怒氣。
She had to restrain herself from crying out in pain. 她只得忍住疼痛，不哭出來。
3.to stop something that is growing or increasing from becoming too large 抑制；控制 VN
來源：google 字典
render /ˈrendə(r)/ DJ /'rɛndɚ/ KK
verb
1.to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition 使成為；使變得；使處於某狀態 VN-ADJ formal
to render something harmless/useless/ineffective 使某事物無害／無用／無效
Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake. 成百上千的人因為地震而無家可歸。
2.to give somebody something, especially in return for something or because it is expected 給予；提供；回報 ~ sth (to sb/sth) ~ (sb) sth formal
to render a service to somebody 給某人提供服務 VNN VN
to render somebody a service 為某人服務
They rendered assistance to the disaster victims. 他們給災民提供了援助。 VN
It was payment for services rendered. 這是服務酬金。
3.to present something, especially when it is done officially 遞交；呈獻；提交 VN formal
The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. 要求委員會提交一份有關住房情況的報告。
4.to express or perform something 表達；表演；演示 VN formal
He stood up and rendered a beautiful version of ‘Summertime’. 他站起來表演了一段優美的《夏日時光》。
The artist has rendered the stormy sea in dark greens and browns. 畫家用了深綠色和棕色來表現波濤洶湧的大海。
5.to express something in a different language; to translate （用其他語言）表達；翻譯；把…譯成 VN ~ sth (as sth) ~ sth (into sth)
The Italian phrase can be rendered as ‘I did my best’. 這個意大利語的短語可以譯為“我盡力了”。
It's a concept that is difficult to render into English. 這個概念難以用英語來表達。
6.to cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement 粉刷；給（牆壁）抹灰 VN British English technical
a rendered building/wall 經過粉刷的大樓／牆壁
7.to make fat liquid by heating it; to melt something 將（脂肪）熬成油；熔化 VN ~ sth (down)
來源：google 字典
2010年8月11日 星期三
legible, venue, due, afterwards, depict, premisem, succinct
legible /ˈledʒəbl/ DJ /'lɛdʒəbḷ/ KK
1.of written or printed words 手寫或印刷文字 clear enough to read 清晰可讀的；清楚的 adjective
legible handwriting 清楚易讀的筆跡
The signature was still legible. 簽名仍清晰可辨。
See also: illegible Antonym
Derivative: legibility noun, uncountable /ˌledʒəˈbɪləti/ DJ /ˈlɛdʒə'bɪlətɪ/ KK
Derivative: legibly adverb /-əbli/ DJ /-əblɪ/ KK
venue /ˈvenjuː/ DJ /'vɛnju/ KK
1.a place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference 聚會地點（如音樂廳、體育比賽場館、會場） noun
due /djuː/ DJ /duː/ DJ US /du/ KK US
adjective
1.caused by somebody/something; because of somebody/something 由於；因為 not before noun ~ to sth/sb
The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 這個隊的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結果。
Most of the problems were due to human error. 多數問題都是人為錯誤造成的。
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 這項工程由於缺乏政府的資助而不得不放棄。
2.arranged or expected 預定；預期；預計 not before noun ~ (to do sth) ~ (for sth)
When's the baby due? 寶寶什麼時候出世？
Rose is due to start school in January. 羅斯一月份就要開始上學了。
The band's first album is due for release later this month. 這個樂隊的第一套唱片預定在本月下旬發行。
The next train is due in five minutes. 下一班火車預定在五分鐘後抵達。
My essay's due next Friday(= it has to be given to the teacher by then). 我的論文下週五必須交。 especially American English
3.when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately 到期 not usually before noun
Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限為 10 月 1 日。
4.owed to somebody as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done something to deserve it 應支付；應給予；應歸於 not before noun ~ (to sb)
Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他們應得的錢付給他們了嗎？
Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我們要向全隊致謝。
5.owed something; deserving something 應有；應得到 not before noun ~ (for) sth
I'm still due 15 day's leave. 我還應有 15 天的休假。
She's due for promotion soon. 她很快該晉升了。
6.that is suitable or right in the circumstances 適當的；恰當的；合適的 only before noun formal
After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr. Davis to the job. 經過適當考慮，我們決定委任戴維斯先生幹這工作。
to make due allowance for something 適當考慮某事
He was charged with driving without due care and attention. 他被控魯莽駕駛。 British English
See also: undue
Idiom: in due course
1.at the right time and not before 在適當的時候；到一定的時候
Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求將在適當的時候予以處理。
Idiom: with (all) due respect
1.used when you are going to disagree, usually quite strongly, with somebody （極不贊成時說）恕我冒昧，恕我直言
With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this. 恕我直言，這些數字根本不能證明你對此事的看法是對的。
noun
1.a thing that should be given to somebody by right 應有的權利；應得到的東西 uncountable
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due(= than what he deserved). 他得到重賞，這也是他應該得到的。
She's a slow worker, but to give her her due(= to be fair to her), she does try very hard. 她做事很慢，但說句公道話，她確實很盡力。
Alternate: your/somebody's ~
2.charges, for example to be a member of a club 應繳款（如俱樂部會費） plural
to pay your dues 交你的會費
Alternate: dues
adverb
1.exactly; in a straight line 正向；正對着
depict /dɪˈpɪkt/ DJ /dɪ'pɪkt/ KK
verb
1.to show an image of somebody/something in a picture 描繪；描畫 ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) rather formal
a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描繪童貞瑪利亞和聖子耶穌的畫 VN
2.to describe something in words, or give an impression of something in words or with a picture 描寫；描述；刻畫 VN ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) rather formal
The novel depicts French society in the 1930s. 這部小說描述了 20 世紀 30 年代的法國社會。
The advertisements depict smoking as glamorous and attractive. 這些廣告把吸煙描繪得充滿刺激和富有吸引力。
Derivative: depiction noun, uncountable, countable /dɪˈpɪkʃn/ DJ /dɪ'pɪkʃən/ KK
premise /ˈpremɪs/ DJ /'prɛmɪs/ KK
1.a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定
major premise
大前提
minor premise
小前提
succinct /səkˈsɪŋkt/ DJ /sək'sɪŋkt/ KK
1.expressed clearly and in a few words 簡明的；言簡意賅的 adjective approving
Keep your answers as succinct as possible. 你們的答案要盡可能簡潔明瞭。
Derivative: succinctly adverb
You put that very succinctly. 你說得十分簡明扼要。
Derivative: succinctness noun, uncountable
1.of written or printed words 手寫或印刷文字 clear enough to read 清晰可讀的；清楚的 adjective
legible handwriting 清楚易讀的筆跡
The signature was still legible. 簽名仍清晰可辨。
See also: illegible Antonym
Derivative: legibility noun, uncountable /ˌledʒəˈbɪləti/ DJ /ˈlɛdʒə'bɪlətɪ/ KK
Derivative: legibly adverb /-əbli/ DJ /-əblɪ/ KK
venue /ˈvenjuː/ DJ /'vɛnju/ KK
1.a place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conference 聚會地點（如音樂廳、體育比賽場館、會場） noun
due /djuː/ DJ /duː/ DJ US /du/ KK US
adjective
1.caused by somebody/something; because of somebody/something 由於；因為 not before noun ~ to sth/sb
The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 這個隊的成功在很大程度上是她努力的結果。
Most of the problems were due to human error. 多數問題都是人為錯誤造成的。
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 這項工程由於缺乏政府的資助而不得不放棄。
2.arranged or expected 預定；預期；預計 not before noun ~ (to do sth) ~ (for sth)
When's the baby due? 寶寶什麼時候出世？
Rose is due to start school in January. 羅斯一月份就要開始上學了。
The band's first album is due for release later this month. 這個樂隊的第一套唱片預定在本月下旬發行。
The next train is due in five minutes. 下一班火車預定在五分鐘後抵達。
My essay's due next Friday(= it has to be given to the teacher by then). 我的論文下週五必須交。 especially American English
3.when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately 到期 not usually before noun
Payment is due on 1 October. 付款期限為 10 月 1 日。
4.owed to somebody as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done something to deserve it 應支付；應給予；應歸於 not before noun ~ (to sb)
Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他們應得的錢付給他們了嗎？
Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我們要向全隊致謝。
5.owed something; deserving something 應有；應得到 not before noun ~ (for) sth
I'm still due 15 day's leave. 我還應有 15 天的休假。
She's due for promotion soon. 她很快該晉升了。
6.that is suitable or right in the circumstances 適當的；恰當的；合適的 only before noun formal
After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr. Davis to the job. 經過適當考慮，我們決定委任戴維斯先生幹這工作。
to make due allowance for something 適當考慮某事
He was charged with driving without due care and attention. 他被控魯莽駕駛。 British English
See also: undue
Idiom: in due course
1.at the right time and not before 在適當的時候；到一定的時候
Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求將在適當的時候予以處理。
Idiom: with (all) due respect
1.used when you are going to disagree, usually quite strongly, with somebody （極不贊成時說）恕我冒昧，恕我直言
With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this. 恕我直言，這些數字根本不能證明你對此事的看法是對的。
noun
1.a thing that should be given to somebody by right 應有的權利；應得到的東西 uncountable
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due(= than what he deserved). 他得到重賞，這也是他應該得到的。
She's a slow worker, but to give her her due(= to be fair to her), she does try very hard. 她做事很慢，但說句公道話，她確實很盡力。
Alternate: your/somebody's ~
2.charges, for example to be a member of a club 應繳款（如俱樂部會費） plural
to pay your dues 交你的會費
Alternate: dues
adverb
1.exactly; in a straight line 正向；正對着
depict /dɪˈpɪkt/ DJ /dɪ'pɪkt/ KK
verb
1.to show an image of somebody/something in a picture 描繪；描畫 ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) rather formal
a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描繪童貞瑪利亞和聖子耶穌的畫 VN
2.to describe something in words, or give an impression of something in words or with a picture 描寫；描述；刻畫 VN ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) rather formal
The novel depicts French society in the 1930s. 這部小說描述了 20 世紀 30 年代的法國社會。
The advertisements depict smoking as glamorous and attractive. 這些廣告把吸煙描繪得充滿刺激和富有吸引力。
Derivative: depiction noun, uncountable, countable /dɪˈpɪkʃn/ DJ /dɪ'pɪkʃən/ KK
premise /ˈpremɪs/ DJ /'prɛmɪs/ KK
1.a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument 前提；假定
major premise
大前提
minor premise
小前提
succinct /səkˈsɪŋkt/ DJ /sək'sɪŋkt/ KK
1.expressed clearly and in a few words 簡明的；言簡意賅的 adjective approving
Keep your answers as succinct as possible. 你們的答案要盡可能簡潔明瞭。
Derivative: succinctly adverb
You put that very succinctly. 你說得十分簡明扼要。
Derivative: succinctness noun, uncountable
accordingly, foster, monopolize, lengthy
accordingly /əˈkɔːdɪŋli/ DJ /əˈkɔːrd-/ DJ US /ə'kɔrdɪŋlɪ/ KK US
adverb
1.in a way that is appropriate to what has been done or said in a particular situation 照着；相應地
2.for that reason; therefore 因此；所以
foster /ˈfɒstə(r)/ DJ /ˈfɔːs-/ DJ US /'fɔstɚ/ KK US /ˈfɑːs-/ DJ US /'fɑs-/ KK US
verb
1.to encourage something to develop 促進；助長；培養；鼓勵 VN written
The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 俱樂部的宗旨是促進團體內部的關係。
2.to take another person's child into your home for a period of time, without becoming his or her legal parents 代養，撫育，照料（他人子女一段時間） especially British English
monopolize; -ise /məˈnɒpəlaɪz/ DJ /məˈnɑːp-/ DJ US /mə'nɑpəˈlaɪz/ KK US
verb
1.to have or take control of the largest part of something so that other people are prevented from sharing it 獨佔；壟斷；包辦 VN
Men traditionally monopolized jobs in the printing industry. 在傳統上，男人包攬了印刷行業中的所有工作。
As usual, she completely monopolized the conversation. 她和往常一樣，壟斷了這次談話。
2.to have or take a large part of somebody's attention or time so that they are unable to speak to or deal with other people 佔去（某人的大部份注意力或時間）；獨佔；霸佔；使無法擺脫 VN
Derivative: monopolization noun, uncountable /məˌnɒpəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ DJ /məˌnɑːpələˈz-/ DJ, US /məˈnɑpələ'zeʃən/ KK, US
lengthy /ˈleŋθi/ DJ /'lɛŋθɪ/ KK
1.very long, and often too long, in time or size 很長的；漫長的；冗長的 adjective
lengthy delays/discussions 長時間的拖延╱討論
the lengthy process of obtaining a visa 獲得簽證的漫長過程
a lengthy report/explanation 冗長的報告╱解釋
Irregular: lengthier; lengthiest
資料來源：google 字典
It is advisable not to allow to yourself to be monoplized by one single viewer for a lengthy time.
adverb
1.in a way that is appropriate to what has been done or said in a particular situation 照着；相應地
2.for that reason; therefore 因此；所以
foster /ˈfɒstə(r)/ DJ /ˈfɔːs-/ DJ US /'fɔstɚ/ KK US /ˈfɑːs-/ DJ US /'fɑs-/ KK US
verb
1.to encourage something to develop 促進；助長；培養；鼓勵 VN written
The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 俱樂部的宗旨是促進團體內部的關係。
2.to take another person's child into your home for a period of time, without becoming his or her legal parents 代養，撫育，照料（他人子女一段時間） especially British English
monopolize; -ise /məˈnɒpəlaɪz/ DJ /məˈnɑːp-/ DJ US /mə'nɑpəˈlaɪz/ KK US
verb
1.to have or take control of the largest part of something so that other people are prevented from sharing it 獨佔；壟斷；包辦 VN
Men traditionally monopolized jobs in the printing industry. 在傳統上，男人包攬了印刷行業中的所有工作。
As usual, she completely monopolized the conversation. 她和往常一樣，壟斷了這次談話。
2.to have or take a large part of somebody's attention or time so that they are unable to speak to or deal with other people 佔去（某人的大部份注意力或時間）；獨佔；霸佔；使無法擺脫 VN
Derivative: monopolization noun, uncountable /məˌnɒpəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ DJ /məˌnɑːpələˈz-/ DJ, US /məˈnɑpələ'zeʃən/ KK, US
lengthy /ˈleŋθi/ DJ /'lɛŋθɪ/ KK
1.very long, and often too long, in time or size 很長的；漫長的；冗長的 adjective
lengthy delays/discussions 長時間的拖延╱討論
the lengthy process of obtaining a visa 獲得簽證的漫長過程
a lengthy report/explanation 冗長的報告╱解釋
Irregular: lengthier; lengthiest
資料來源：google 字典
It is advisable not to allow to yourself to be monoplized by one single viewer for a lengthy time.
commit, commitment, corroborate
commit /kəˈmɪt/ DJ /kə'mɪt/ KK
verb
1.to do something wrong or illegal 做出（錯或非法的事）；犯（罪或錯等） VN ~ a crime, etc.
2.to kill yourself deliberately 自殺 VN ~ suicide
3.to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc. 承諾，保證（做某事、遵守協議或遵從安排等） ~ sb/yourself (to sth/to doing sth) often passive
4.to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it （公開地）表示意見，作出決定（以致日後難以更改） VN ~ yourself (to sth)
5.to be completely loyal to one person, organization, etc. or give all your time and effort to your work, an activity, etc. 忠於（某個人、機構等）；全心全意投入（工作、活動等） V ~ (to sb/sth)
6.to spend money or time on something/somebody 花（錢或時間） VN
7.to order somebody to be sent to a hospital, prison, etc. （下令）把（某人）送進（醫院或監獄等） VN often passive ~ sb to sth
8.to send somebody for trial in a court of law 把（某人）送交法院受審 VN
9.to learn something well enough to remember it exactly 把…學好記牢 VN
10.to write something down 把…記（或寫）下來 VN
來源GOOGLE字典
corroborate /kəˈrɒbəreɪt/ DJ /-ˈrɑːb-/ DJ US /kə'rɑbəˈret/ KK US
1.to provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc. 證實，確證（陳述、理論等） verb VN often passive formal
來源GOOGLE字典
commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ DJ /kə'mɪtmənt/ KK
noun
1.a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself 承諾；許諾；允諾承擔；保證 countable uncountable ~ (to sb/sth) ~ to do sth
2.the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity （對工作或某活動）獻身，奉獻，投入 uncountable ~ (to sb/sth)
3.a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do 已承諾（或同意）的事；不得不做的事 countable
4.the fact of having to pay an amount of money regularly 定期付款 countable
5.agreeing to use money, time or people in order to achieve something 花費，使用（資金、時間、人力） uncountable countable ~ (of sth) (to sth)
來源GOOGLE字典
verb
1.to do something wrong or illegal 做出（錯或非法的事）；犯（罪或錯等） VN ~ a crime, etc.
2.to kill yourself deliberately 自殺 VN ~ suicide
3.to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc. 承諾，保證（做某事、遵守協議或遵從安排等） ~ sb/yourself (to sth/to doing sth) often passive
4.to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it （公開地）表示意見，作出決定（以致日後難以更改） VN ~ yourself (to sth)
5.to be completely loyal to one person, organization, etc. or give all your time and effort to your work, an activity, etc. 忠於（某個人、機構等）；全心全意投入（工作、活動等） V ~ (to sb/sth)
6.to spend money or time on something/somebody 花（錢或時間） VN
7.to order somebody to be sent to a hospital, prison, etc. （下令）把（某人）送進（醫院或監獄等） VN often passive ~ sb to sth
8.to send somebody for trial in a court of law 把（某人）送交法院受審 VN
9.to learn something well enough to remember it exactly 把…學好記牢 VN
10.to write something down 把…記（或寫）下來 VN
來源GOOGLE字典
corroborate /kəˈrɒbəreɪt/ DJ /-ˈrɑːb-/ DJ US /kə'rɑbəˈret/ KK US
1.to provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc. 證實，確證（陳述、理論等） verb VN often passive formal
來源GOOGLE字典
commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ DJ /kə'mɪtmənt/ KK
noun
1.a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself 承諾；許諾；允諾承擔；保證 countable uncountable ~ (to sb/sth) ~ to do sth
2.the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity （對工作或某活動）獻身，奉獻，投入 uncountable ~ (to sb/sth)
3.a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do 已承諾（或同意）的事；不得不做的事 countable
4.the fact of having to pay an amount of money regularly 定期付款 countable
5.agreeing to use money, time or people in order to achieve something 花費，使用（資金、時間、人力） uncountable countable ~ (of sth) (to sth)
來源GOOGLE字典
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